}

  /**
   * Parses the specified string as a signed long value using the specified radix. The ASCII
   * character {@code '-'} (<code>'&#92;u002D'</code>) is recognized as the minus sign.
   *
   * <p>Unlike {@link Long#parseLong(String, int)}, this method returns {@code null} instead of
   * throwing an exception if parsing fails. Additionally, this method only accepts ASCII digits,

  }

  /**
   * Parses the specified string as a signed long value using the specified radix. The ASCII
   * character {@code '-'} (<code>'&#92;u002D'</code>) is recognized as the minus sign.
   *
   * <p>Unlike {@link Long#parseLong(String, int)}, this method returns {@code null} instead of
   * throwing an exception if parsing fails. Additionally, this method only accepts ASCII digits,

 *     class (such as {@link #named}) return this type, so that Builder methods of more derived
 *     classes can be chained onto them without casting.
 * @param <G> The type of the generator to be passed to testers in the generated test suite. An
 *     instance of G should somehow provide an instance of the class under test, plus any other

  public final <S extends @Nullable T> Equivalence<Iterable<S>> pairwise() {
    // Ideally, the returned equivalence would support Iterable<? extends T>. However,
    // the need for this is so rare that it's not worth making callers deal with the ugly wildcard.
    return new PairwiseEquivalence<>(this);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a predicate that evaluates to true if and only if the input is equivalent to {@code

    assertValue("b", "bb", "bbbb")
    assertValue("c", "c", "c")

    // Causing the size to grow to 10 should evict nothing.
    set("d", "d", "d")
    cache.flush()
    assertThat(cache.size()).isEqualTo(10)
    assertAbsent("a")
    assertValue("b", "bb", "bbbb")
    assertValue("c", "c", "c")
    assertValue("d", "d", "d")

    // Causing the size to grow to 18 should evict 'B' and 'C'.
    set("e", "eeee", "eeee")

 *       unnecessary; for example, {@code copyOf(copyOf(anArrayList))} should copy the data only
 *       once. This reduces the expense of habitually making defensive copies at API boundaries.
 *       However, the precise conditions for skipping the copy operation are undefined.
 *   <li><b>Warning:</b> a view collection such as {@link ImmutableMap#keySet} or {@link

   * size to reach 0, causing an infinite loop.
   */
  public void testCopyWithReaderThatDoesNotFillBuffer() throws IOException {
    // need a long enough string for the buffer to hit 0 remaining before the copy completes
    String string = Strings.repeat("0123456789", 100);
    StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();

   * size to reach 0, causing an infinite loop.
   */
  public void testCopyWithReaderThatDoesNotFillBuffer() throws IOException {
    // need a long enough string for the buffer to hit 0 remaining before the copy completes
    String string = Strings.repeat("0123456789", 100);
    StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();

```

////

Notice that the default value is still `None`, so the parameter is still optional.

But now, having `Query(max_length=50)` inside of `Annotated`, we are telling FastAPI that we want it to have **additional validation** for this value, we want it to have maximum 50 characters. 😎

/// tip

It also re-declares `id: int`. By doing this, we are making a **contract** with the API clients, so that they can always expect the `id` to be there and to be an `int` (it will never be `None`).

/// tip

Having the return model ensure that a value is always available and always `int` (not `None`) is very useful for the API clients, they can write much simpler code having this certainty.