文件作为「表单数据」上传。

如果把*路径操作函数*参数的类型声明为 `bytes`，**FastAPI** 将以 `bytes` 形式读取和接收文件内容。

这种方式把文件的所有内容都存储在内存里，适用于小型文件。

不过，很多情况下，`UploadFile` 更好用。

## 含 `UploadFile` 的文件参数

定义文件参数时使用 `UploadFile`：

```Python hl_lines="12"
{!../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!}
```

`UploadFile` 与 `bytes` 相比有更多优势：

* 使用 `spooled` 文件：
    * 存储在内存的文件超出最大上限时，FastAPI 会把文件存入磁盘；
* 这种方式更适于处理图像、视频、二进制文件等大型文件，好处是不会占用所有内存；

Следует иметь в виду, что все содержимое будет храниться в памяти. Это хорошо подходит для небольших файлов.

Однако возможны случаи, когда использование `UploadFile` может оказаться полезным.

## Загрузка файла с помощью `UploadFile`

Определите параметр файла с типом `UploadFile`:

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python hl_lines="14"
{!> ../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
```

////

from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/files/")
async def create_file(file: bytes = File(description="A file read as bytes")):
    return {"file_size": len(file)}


@app.post("/uploadfile/")
async def create_upload_file(
    file: UploadFile = File(description="A file read as UploadFile"),
):

from fastapi import FastAPI, File, Form, UploadFile
from typing_extensions import Annotated

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/files/")
async def create_file(
    file: Annotated[bytes, File()],
    fileb: Annotated[UploadFile, File()],
    token: Annotated[str, Form()],
):
    return {
        "file_size": len(file),
        "token": token,
        "fileb_content_type": fileb.content_type,

from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/files/")
async def create_file(file: bytes = File()):
    return {"file_size": len(file)}


@app.post("/uploadfile/")
async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile):

def test_post_upload_file(tmp_path):
    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")

    client = TestClient(app)
    with path.open("rb") as file:
        response = client.post("/uploadfile/", files={"file": file})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"filename": "test.txt"}


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")

from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
from typing_extensions import Annotated

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/files/")
async def create_file(file: Annotated[bytes, File()]):
    return {"file_size": len(file)}


@app.post("/uploadfile/")
async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile):

from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/files/")
async def create_file(file: bytes | None = File(default=None)):
    if not file:
        return {"message": "No file sent"}
    else:
        return {"file_size": len(file)}


@app.post("/uploadfile/")
async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile | None = None):
    if not file:
        return {"message": "No upload file sent"}
    else:

from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
from typing_extensions import Annotated

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/files/")
async def create_file(file: Annotated[Union[bytes, None], File()] = None):
    if not file:
        return {"message": "No file sent"}
    else:
        return {"file_size": len(file)}


@app.post("/uploadfile/")
async def create_upload_file(file: Union[UploadFile, None] = None):
    if not file:

from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/files/")
async def create_file(file: Annotated[Union[bytes, None], File()] = None):
    if not file:
        return {"message": "No file sent"}
    else:
        return {"file_size": len(file)}


@app.post("/uploadfile/")
async def create_upload_file(file: Union[UploadFile, None] = None):
    if not file: