Pydantic has an official [Migration Guide](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/migration/) from v1 to v2.

It also includes what has changed, how validations are now more correct and strict, possible caveats, etc.

You can read it to understand better what has changed.

## Tests { #tests }

Make sure you have [tests](../tutorial/testing.md) for your app and you run them on continuous integration (CI).

}
```

These credentials can now be used to perform MinIO API operations, these credentials automatically expire in 1hr. To understand more about credential expiry duration and client grants STS API read further [here](https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/sts/client-grants.md).

## Explore Further

These custom validators are for things that can be checked with **only** the **same data** provided in the request.

///

### Understand that Code { #understand-that-code }

The important point is just using **`AfterValidator` with a function inside `Annotated`**. Feel free to skip this part. 🤸

---

 * such as those associated with files and directories. The Windows OS
 * determines which users have the necessary permissions to access objects
 * based on these entries.
 * <p>
 * To fully understand the information exposed by this class a description
 * of the access check algorithm used by Windows is required. The following
 * is a basic description of the algorithm. For a more complete description

請記得，最重要的是：盡量友善。大家可能帶著挫折而來，很多時候提問方式不夠理想，但請盡你所能保持友善。🤗

**FastAPI** 社群的理念是友善且歡迎大家。同時，也不要接受霸凌或對他人不尊重的行為。我們要彼此照顧。

---

以下是在（Discussions 或 Issues）中幫助他人解決問題的方式：

### 先理解問題 { #understand-the-question }

* 先確認你是否能理解提問者的**目的**與使用情境。

* 接著看看問題（絕大多數是提問）是否**清楚**。

* 很多時候，提問是基於使用者自己想像中的解法，但可能有**更好**的方法。如果你能更理解他們的問題與使用情境，你也許能提出更好的**替代解法**。

* 如果你無法理解問題，請要求提供更多**細節**。

 * such as those associated with files and directories. The Windows OS
 * determines which users have the necessary permissions to access objects
 * based on these entries.
 * <p>
 * To fully understand the information exposed by this class a description
 * of the access check algorithm used by Windows is required. The following
 * is a basic description of the algorithm. For a more complete description

只要记住，最重要的一点是：尽量友善。人们带着挫败感而来，很多时候他们的提问方式并不理想，但请尽你所能地友好对待。🤗

我们的目标是让 **FastAPI** 社区友好且包容。同时，也不要接受对他人的霸凌或不尊重。我们需要彼此照顾。

---

以下是如何帮助他人解答问题（在 Discussions 或 Issues 中）：

### 理解问题 { #understand-the-question }

* 看看你是否能理解提问者的**目的**和使用场景。

* 然后检查问题（绝大多数是提问）是否**清晰**。

* 很多时候，问题是围绕提问者想象中的解决方案，但可能有**更好的**方案。如果你更好地理解了问题和使用场景，你就可能提出更**合适的替代方案**。

* 如果你没能理解问题，请请求更多**细节**。

/**
 * Tests for the default implementations of {@code CharSource} methods.
 *
 * @author Colin Decker
 */
@NullUnmarked
public class CharSourceTest extends IoTestCase {

  @AndroidIncompatible // Android doesn't understand suites whose tests lack default constructors.
  public static TestSuite suite() {
    TestSuite suite = new TestSuite();
    for (boolean asByteSource : new boolean[] {false, true}) {
      suite.addTest(

 * such as those associated with files and directories. The Windows OS
 * determines which users have the necessary permissions to access objects
 * based on these entries.
 * <p>
 * To fully understand the information exposed by this class a description
 * of the access check algorithm used by Windows is required. The following
 * is a basic description of the algorithm. For a more complete description

     | for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc.
     | This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting
     | to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug.
     |