new LineBuffer() {
          @Override
          protected void handleLine(String line, String end) {
            lines.add(line + end);
          }
        };
    char[] chars = input.toCharArray();
    int off = 0;
    while (off < chars.length) {
      int len = min(chars.length, off + chunk) - off;
      lineBuf.add(chars, off, len);
      off += len;
    }
    lineBuf.finish();

            if (targetUrl.indexOf('#') == -1) {
                final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(value.length() + 100);
                for (final char c : value.toCharArray()) {
                    if (CharUtil.isUrlChar(c) || c == ' ') {
                        buf.append(c);
                    } else {
                        try {

            int i, len, dots;
            char[] data;

            i = dots = 0; /* quick IP address validation */
            len = hostname.length();
            data = hostname.toCharArray();
            while (i < len && Character.isDigit(data[i++])) {
                if (i == len && dots == 3) {
                    // probably an IP address
                    return true;
                }

            return getFirstAddress();
        }
        return this.addresses[this.addressIndex - 1];
    }

    static String queryLookup(final String query, final String param) {
        final char in[] = query.toCharArray();
        int i, ch, st, eq;

        st = eq = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < in.length; i++) {
            ch = in[i];
            if (ch == '&') {
                if (eq > st) {

        String n = this.name;

        // fix MSBROWSE name
        if (n == null) {
            n = "null";
        } else if (n.charAt(0) == 0x01) {
            final char c[] = n.toCharArray();
            c[0] = '.';
            c[1] = '.';
            c[14] = '.';
            n = new String(c);
        }

        sb.append(n).append("<").append(Hexdump.toHexString(this.hexCode, 2)).append(">");

        String n = name;

        // fix MSBROWSE name
        if (n == null) {
            n = "null";
        } else if (n.charAt(0) == 0x01) {
            final char c[] = n.toCharArray();
            c[0] = '.';
            c[1] = '.';
            c[14] = '.';
            n = new String(c);
        }

        sb.append(n).append("<").append(Hexdump.toHexString(hexCode, 2)).append(">");

                .map(HttpServletRequest::getCharacterEncoding)
                .orElse(Constants.UTF_8);
        final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(url.length() + 100);
        for (final char c : url.toCharArray()) {
            if (CharUtil.isUrlChar(c)) {
                buf.append(c);
            } else {
                try {
                    buf.append(URLEncoder.encode(String.valueOf(c), enc));

     * @return the decapitalized string
     */
    public static String decapitalize(final String name) {
        if (isEmpty(name)) {
            return name;
        }
        final char[] chars = name.toCharArray();
        if (chars.length >= 2 && Character.isUpperCase(chars[0]) && Character.isUpperCase(chars[1])) {
            return name;
        }
        chars[0] = Character.toLowerCase(chars[0]);

   */
  public static String toLowerCase(String string) {
    int length = string.length();
    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      if (isUpperCase(string.charAt(i))) {
        char[] chars = string.toCharArray();
        for (; i < length; i++) {
          char c = chars[i];
          if (isUpperCase(c)) {
            chars[i] = (char) (c ^ CASE_MASK);
          }
        }
        return String.valueOf(chars);

    final Alphabet alphabet;

    final @Nullable Character paddingChar;

    StandardBaseEncoding(String name, String alphabetChars, @Nullable Character paddingChar) {
      this(new Alphabet(name, alphabetChars.toCharArray()), paddingChar);
    }

    StandardBaseEncoding(Alphabet alphabet, @Nullable Character paddingChar) {
      this.alphabet = checkNotNull(alphabet);
      checkArgument(