out.append(format.normalizeFirstWord(s.substring(i, j)));
      } else {
        requireNonNull(out).append(format.normalizeWord(s.substring(i, j)));
      }
      out.append(format.wordSeparator);
      i = j + wordSeparator.length();
    }
    return (i == 0)
        ? format.normalizeFirstWord(s)
        : requireNonNull(out).append(format.normalizeWord(s.substring(i))).toString();
  }

  /**

        when {
          index != -1 -> {
            addLenient(line.substring(0, index), line.substring(index + 1))
          }
          line[0] == ':' -> {
            // Work around empty header names and header names that start with a colon (created by old
            // broken SPDY versions of the response cache).
            addLenient("", line.substring(1)) // Empty header name.
          }
          else -> {

        }
        if (s.startsWith("^") && s.endsWith("$")) {
            return "^" + Pattern.quote(s.substring(1, s.length() - 1)) + "$";
        }
        if (s.startsWith("^")) {
            return "^" + Pattern.quote(s.substring(1));
        }
        if (s.endsWith("$")) {
            return Pattern.quote(s.substring(0, s.length() - 1)) + "$";
        }
        return Pattern.quote(s);
    }

    /**

            } else {
                final String auth = new String(Base64.decode(msg.substring(6)), "US-ASCII");
                int index = auth.indexOf(':');
                String user = index != -1 ? auth.substring(0, index) : auth;
                final String password = index != -1 ? auth.substring(index + 1) : "";
                index = user.indexOf('\\');
                if (index == -1) {

      }
    } else {
      // This character doesn't need encoding. Just copy it over.
      writeUtf8CodePoint(codePoint)
    }
    i += Character.charCount(codePoint)
  }
}

/**
 * Returns a substring of `input` on the range `[pos..limit)` with the following
 * transformations:
 *
 *  * Tabs, newlines, form feeds and carriage returns are skipped.
 *
 *  * In queries, ' ' is encoded to '+' and '+' is encoded to "%2B".

        return host.substring(1, host.length - 5).lowercase()
      }

      override fun canonicalize(s: String): String = s.lowercase()
    },

    PATH {
      override fun urlString(value: String): String = "http://example.com/a${value}z/"

      override fun encodedValue(url: HttpUrl): String {
        val path = url.encodedPath
        return path.substring(2, path.length - 2)
      }

          pos = value.indexOf('"', pos)
          parameter = value.substring(parameterStart, pos)
          pos++ // Consume '"' close quote (if necessary).
        } else {
          // Unquoted string.
          val parameterStart = pos
          pos = value.indexOfElement(",;", pos)
          parameter = value.substring(parameterStart, pos).trim()
        }
      }

      when {

      if (placeholderStart == -1) {
        break;
      }
      builder.append(template.substring(templateStart, placeholderStart));
      builder.append(args[i++]);
      templateStart = placeholderStart + 2;
    }
    builder.append(template.substring(templateStart));

    // if we run out of placeholders, append the extra args in square braces
    if (i < args.length) {

            if (ci > 0) {
                domain = username.substring(ci + 1);
                username = username.substring(0, ci);
            } else {
                ci = username.indexOf('\\');
                if (ci > 0) {
                    domain = username.substring(0, ci);
                    username = username.substring(ci + 1);
                }
            }
        }

            if (index < 0) {
                locale = new Locale(localeStr);
            } else {
                final String language = localeStr.substring(0, index);
                final String country = localeStr.substring(index + 1);
                locale = new Locale(language, country);
            }
        }
        return locale;
    }