There are several custom response classes you can use to create an instance and return them directly from your *path operations*.

Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/).

You can import them directly from `fastapi.responses`:

```python
from fastapi.responses import (
    FileResponse,
    HTMLResponse,
    JSONResponse,

  private val handshakeCertificates = platform.localhostHandshakeCertificates()

  /** Ciphers in order we observed directly on the socket. */
  private lateinit var handshakeEnabledCipherSuites: List<String>

  /** Ciphers in order we observed on sslSocketFactory defaults. */
  private lateinit var defaultEnabledCipherSuites: List<String>

  /** Ciphers in order we observed on sslSocketFactory supported. */

{* ../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003_an_py310.py hl[10] *}

## Number validations: greater than or equal { #number-validations-greater-than-or-equal }

With `Query` and `Path` (and others you'll see later) you can declare number constraints.

Here, with `ge=1`, `item_id` will need to be an integer number "`g`reater than or `e`qual" to `1`.

        That's a lot of work they are doing, but if more FastAPI users came to help others like them just a little bit more, it would be much less effort for them (and you and me 😅).

  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public static <E> ImmutableSet<E> of(E e1, E e2, E e3, E e4, E e5, E e6, E... others) {
    int size = others.length + 6;
    List<E> all = new ArrayList<E>(size);
    Collections.addAll(all, e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6);
    Collections.addAll(all, others);
    return copyOf(all.iterator());
  }

  /** ImmutableSet.of API that is friendly to use from JavaScript. */

/*
 * Copyright 2012-2025 CodeLibs Project and the Others.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

   *
   * <p>The array {@code others} must not be longer than {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE - 6}.
   *
   * @since 3.0 (source-compatible since 2.0)
   */
  @SafeVarargs // For Eclipse. For internal javac we have disabled this pointless type of warning.
  public static <E> ImmutableSet<E> of(E e1, E e2, E e3, E e4, E e5, E e6, E... others) {
    checkArgument(

  public static <E> ImmutableList<E> of(
      E e1, E e2, E e3, E e4, E e5, E e6, E e7, E e8, E e9, E e10, E e11, E e12, E... others) {
    checkArgument(
        others.length <= Integer.MAX_VALUE - 12, "the total number of elements must fit in an int");
    Object[] array = new Object[12 + others.length];
    array[0] = e1;
    array[1] = e2;
    array[2] = e3;
    array[3] = e4;
    array[4] = e5;
    array[5] = e6;

        for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; ++i) {
            gatherTypeVariables(interfaces[i], interfaceTypes[i], map);
        }

        return map;
    }

    /**
     * Gathers the type variables and type arguments of the specified parameterized type (class or interface)
     * and adds them to the given map.
     *
     * @param clazz
     *            the class to analyze
     * @param type

/*
 * Copyright 2012-2025 CodeLibs Project and the Others.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,