} else {
			expr.Build(builder)
		}
	}
}

// MergeClause merge where clauses
func (where Where) MergeClause(clause *Clause) {
	if w, ok := clause.Expression.(Where); ok {
		exprs := make([]Expression, len(w.Exprs)+len(where.Exprs))
		copy(exprs, w.Exprs)
		copy(exprs[len(w.Exprs):], where.Exprs)
		where.Exprs = exprs
	}

	clause.Expression = where
}

func And(exprs ...Expression) Expression {

	"time"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	. "gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

func TestUpsert(t *testing.T) {
	lang := Language{Code: "upsert", Name: "Upsert"}
	if err := DB.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{DoNothing: true}).Create(&lang).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to upsert, got %v", err)
	}

	lang2 := Language{Code: "upsert", Name: "Upsert"}

		},
		{
			name: "Expression",
			join: clause.Join{
				// Invalid
				Type:  clause.LeftJoin,
				Table: clause.Table{Name: "user"},
				ON: clause.Where{
					Exprs: []clause.Expression{clause.Eq{clause.Column{Table: "user_info", Name: "user_id"}, clause.PrimaryColumn}},
				},
				// Valid
				Expression: clause.Join{
					Type:  clause.InnerJoin,
					Table: clause.Table{Name: "user"},
					Using: []string{"id"},
				},

		tx = tx.Session(&Session{QueryFields: true}).Clauses(clause.From{Joins: []clause.Join{{
			Table: clause.Table{Name: association.Relationship.JoinTable.Table},
			ON:    clause.Where{Exprs: queryConds},
		}}})
	} else {
		tx.Clauses(clause.Where{Exprs: queryConds})
	}

	return tx

				if _, ok := db.Statement.Clauses["RETURNING"]; !ok {
					fromColumns := make([]clause.Column, 0, len(db.Statement.Schema.FieldsWithDefaultDBValue))
					for _, field := range db.Statement.Schema.FieldsWithDefaultDBValue {
						fromColumns = append(fromColumns, clause.Column{Name: field.DBName})
					}
					db.Statement.AddClause(clause.Returning{Columns: fromColumns})
				}
			}
		}

	} else {
		builder.WriteQuoted(insert.Table)
	}
}

// MergeClause merge insert clause
func (insert Insert) MergeClause(clause *Clause) {
	if v, ok := clause.Expression.(Insert); ok {
		if insert.Modifier == "" {
			insert.Modifier = v.Modifier
		}
		if insert.Table.Name == "" {
			insert.Table = v.Table
		}
	}
	clause.Expression = insert

						}
						return nil
					}
				}

				conds = append(conds, clause.IN{Column: clause.PrimaryColumn, Values: args})
			}
		}
	}

	if len(conds) > 0 {
		return []clause.Expression{clause.And(conds...)}
	}
	return nil
}

// Build build sql with clauses names
func (stmt *Statement) Build(clauses ...string) {
	var firstClauseWritten bool

package callbacks

import (
	"reflect"
	"sort"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
)

// ConvertMapToValuesForCreate convert map to values
func ConvertMapToValuesForCreate(stmt *gorm.Statement, mapValue map[string]interface{}) (values clause.Values) {
	values.Columns = make([]clause.Column, 0, len(mapValue))
	selectColumns, restricted := stmt.SelectAndOmitColumns(true, false)

	keys := make([]string, 0, len(mapValue))

			tx.Statement = db.Statement.clone()
			tx.Statement.DB = tx
		}

		return tx
	}

	return db
}

// Expr returns clause.Expr, which can be used to pass SQL expression as params
func Expr(expr string, args ...interface{}) clause.Expr {
	return clause.Expr{SQL: expr, Vars: args}
}

// SetupJoinTable setup join table schema

package clause

// From from clause
type From struct {
	Tables []Table
	Joins  []Join
}

// Name from clause name
func (from From) Name() string {
	return "FROM"
}

// Build build from clause
func (from From) Build(builder Builder) {
	if len(from.Tables) > 0 {
		for idx, table := range from.Tables {
			if idx > 0 {
				builder.WriteByte(',')
			}

			builder.WriteQuoted(table)
		}
	} else {