private static final int NODE_POOL_SIZE = 1000; // must be >> NUM_NODES

  @Test
  public void directedNetwork() {
    testNetworkMutation(NetworkBuilder.directed());
  }

  @Test
  public void undirectedNetwork() {
    testNetworkMutation(NetworkBuilder.undirected());
  }

  private static void testNetworkMutation(NetworkBuilder<? super Integer, Object> networkBuilder) {

  private static final int NODE_POOL_SIZE = 1000; // must be >> NUM_NODES

  @Test
  public void directedGraph() {
    testGraphMutation(GraphBuilder.directed());
  }

  @Test
  public void undirectedGraph() {
    testGraphMutation(GraphBuilder.undirected());
  }

  private static void testGraphMutation(GraphBuilder<? super Integer> graphBuilder) {

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * A base implementation of {@link NetworkConnections} for undirected networks.
 *
 * @author James Sexton
 * @param <N> Node parameter type
 * @param <E> Edge parameter type
 */
abstract class AbstractUndirectedNetworkConnections<N, E> implements NetworkConnections<N, E> {

  static final String ERROR_ELEMENT_REMOVED = "used to generate this set";
  private static final String NODE_STRING = "Node";
  private static final String EDGE_STRING = "Edge";

  enum EdgeType {
    UNDIRECTED,
    DIRECTED;
  }

  private TestUtil() {}

  static void assertNodeNotInGraphErrorMessage(Throwable throwable) {
    assertThat(throwable).hasMessageThat().startsWith(NODE_STRING);

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * A base implementation of {@link NetworkConnections} for undirected networks.
 *
 * @author James Sexton
 * @param <N> Node parameter type
 * @param <E> Edge parameter type
 */
abstract class AbstractUndirectedNetworkConnections<N, E> implements NetworkConnections<N, E> {

  private static final int NODE_POOL_SIZE = 1000; // must be >> NUM_NODES

  @Test
  public void directedGraph() {
    testGraphMutation(GraphBuilder.directed());
  }

  @Test
  public void undirectedGraph() {
    testGraphMutation(GraphBuilder.undirected());
  }

  private static void testGraphMutation(GraphBuilder<? super Integer> graphBuilder) {

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * An implementation of {@link GraphConnections} for undirected graphs.
 *
 * @author James Sexton
 * @param <N> Node parameter type
 * @param <V> Value parameter type
 */
final class UndirectedGraphConnections<N, V> implements GraphConnections<N, V> {

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * An implementation of {@link NetworkConnections} for undirected networks with parallel edges.
 *
 * @author James Sexton
 * @param <N> Node parameter type
 * @param <E> Edge parameter type
 */
final class UndirectedMultiNetworkConnections<N, E>

          + "that allows self-loops, call allowsSelfLoops(true) on the Builder.";
  static final String NOT_AVAILABLE_ON_UNDIRECTED =
      "Cannot call source()/target() on a EndpointPair from an undirected graph. Consider calling "
          + "adjacentNode(node) if you already have a node, or nodeU()/nodeV() if you don't.";
  static final String EDGE_ALREADY_EXISTS = "Edge %s already exists in the graph.";

  /**
   * The undirected graph in the {@link Traverser#breadthFirst(Object)} javadoc:
   *
   * {@snippet :
   * b ---- a ---- d
   * |      |
   * |      |
   * e ---- c ---- f
   * }
   */
  private static final SuccessorsFunction<Character> JAVADOC_GRAPH =
      createUndirectedGraph("ba", "ad", "be", "ac", "ec", "cf");

  /**
   * A diamond shaped directed graph (arrows going down):
   *