Create a response as described in [Return a Response Directly](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank} and pass the headers as an additional parameter:

{* ../../docs_src/response_headers/tutorial001_py39.py hl[10:12] *}

/// note | Technical Details

You could also use `from starlette.responses import Response` or `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.

import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from ...utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(
    name="mod",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial004_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial004_py310", marks=needs_py310),
        pytest.param("tutorial004_an_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial004_an_py310", marks=needs_py310),
    ],
)
def get_mod(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):

## `uvicorn` aufrufen { #call-uvicorn }

Importieren und führen Sie `uvicorn` direkt in Ihrer FastAPI-Anwendung aus:

{* ../../docs_src/debugging/tutorial001_py39.py hl[1,15] *}

### Über `__name__ == "__main__"` { #about-name-main }

Der Hauptzweck von `__name__ == "__main__"` ist, dass Code ausgeführt wird, wenn Ihre Datei mit folgendem Befehl aufgerufen wird:

Vamos imaginar que você deseja obter o endereço de IP/host do cliente dentro da sua *função de operação de rota*.

Para isso você precisa acessar a requisição diretamente.

{* ../../docs_src/using_request_directly/tutorial001_py39.py hl[1,7:8] *}

Ao declarar o parâmetro com o tipo sendo um `Request` em sua *função de operação de rota*, o **FastAPI** saberá como passar o `Request` neste parâmetro.

/// tip | Dica

    default_registry.dispose()


@pytest.fixture(
    name="client",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial002_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial002_py310", marks=needs_py310),
        pytest.param("tutorial002_an_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial002_an_py310", marks=needs_py310),
    ],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
    clear_sqlmodel()

Sie wird nicht in der Dokumentation angezeigt, aber andere Tools (wie z. B. Sphinx) können den Rest verwenden.

{* ../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial004_py310.py hl[17:27] *}

## Zusätzliche Responses { #additional-responses }

Sie haben wahrscheinlich gesehen, wie man das `response_model` und den `status_code` für eine *Pfadoperation* deklariert.

from inline_snapshot import snapshot

from ...utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(
    name="mod",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial005_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial005_py310", marks=needs_py310),
        pytest.param("tutorial005_an_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial005_an_py310", marks=needs_py310),
    ],
)
def get_mod(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):

{* ../../docs_src/openapi_webhooks/tutorial001_py39.py hl[9:13,36:53] *}

Определенные вами вебхуки попадут в схему **OpenAPI** и в автоматический **интерфейс документации**.

/// info | Информация

## Use `HTTPException` { #use-httpexception }

To return HTTP responses with errors to the client you use `HTTPException`.

### Import `HTTPException` { #import-httpexception }

{* ../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial001_py39.py hl[1] *}

### Raise an `HTTPException` in your code { #raise-an-httpexception-in-your-code }

`HTTPException` is a normal Python exception with additional data relevant for APIs.

{* ../../docs_src/templates/tutorial001_py39.py hl[4,11,15:18] *}

/// note | Nota

Antes do FastAPI 0.108.0, Starlette 0.29.0, `name` era o primeiro parâmetro.