{* ../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001_py310.py hl[13:24] *}

这些额外信息会原样添加到该模型输出的 JSON Schema 中，并会在 API 文档中使用。

你可以使用属性 `model_config`，它接收一个 `dict`，详见 [Pydantic 文档：配置](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/api/config/)。

你可以设置 `"json_schema_extra"`，其值为一个 `dict`，包含你希望出现在生成 JSON Schema 中的任意附加数据，包括 `examples`。

/// tip | 提示

你也可以用同样的技巧扩展 JSON Schema，添加你自己的自定义额外信息。

例如，你可以用它为前端用户界面添加元数据等。

///

/// info | Información

Si ya revisaste todo el tutorial y volviste para ver más sobre tipos, un buen recurso es [la "cheat sheet" de `mypy`](https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/cheat_sheet_py3.html).

If you are planning to use digital signature algorithms like RSA or ECDSA, you should install the cryptography library dependency `pyjwt[crypto]`.

You can read more about it in the [PyJWT Installation docs](https://pyjwt.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html).

///

## Password hashing { #password-hashing }

"Hashing" means converting some content (a password in this case) into a sequence of bytes (just a string) that looks like gibberish.

/// info | Informação

Se você já passou por todo o tutorial e voltou para ver mais sobre os tipos, um bom recurso é [a "cheat sheet" do `mypy`](https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/cheat_sheet_py3.html).

      <version>1.0.0+</version>
      <description>Versioning information for "groupId/artifactId" or "groupId/artifactId/version" SNAPSHOT</description>
      <fields>
        <field>
          <name>latest</name>
          <version>1.0.0+</version>
          <type>String</type>

* 자동 문서화

## 특별한 타입과 검증 { #special-types-and-validation }

`str`, `int`, `float` 등과 같은 일반적인 단일 타입과는 별개로, `str`을 상속하는 더 복잡한 단일 타입을 사용할 수 있습니다.

사용할 수 있는 모든 옵션을 보려면 [Pydantic의 Type Overview](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/types/)를 확인하세요. 다음 장에서 몇 가지 예제를 볼 수 있습니다.

예를 들어 `Image` 모델에는 `url` 필드가 있으므로, 이를 `str` 대신 Pydantic의 `HttpUrl` 인스턴스로 선언할 수 있습니다:

{* ../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py310.py hl[2,8] *}

* 数据转换
* 数据校验
* 自动生成文档

## 特殊的类型和校验 { #special-types-and-validation }

除了普通的单一值类型（如 `str`、`int`、`float` 等）外，你还可以使用从 `str` 继承的更复杂的单一值类型。

要了解所有的可用选项，请查看 [Pydantic 的类型概览](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/types/)。你将在下一章节中看到一些示例。

例如，在 `Image` 模型中我们有一个 `url` 字段，我们可以把它声明为 Pydantic 的 `HttpUrl`，而不是 `str`：

{* ../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py310.py hl[2,8] *}

	}
	namerColumnName := schema.namer.ColumnName(schema.Table, name)
	if field, ok := schema.FieldsByDBName[namerColumnName]; ok {
		return field
	}

	return nil
}

// LookUpFieldByBindName looks for the closest field in the embedded struct.
//
//	type Struct struct {
//		Embedded struct {
//			ID string // is selected by LookUpFieldByBindName([]string{"Embedded", "ID"}, "ID")
//		}

OpenAPIでは`anyOf`で定義されます。

そのためには、標準的なPythonの型ヒント[`typing.Union`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union)を使用します:

/// note | 備考

[`Union`](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/types/#unions)を定義する場合は、最も具体的な型を先に、その後により具体性の低い型を含めてください。以下の例では、より具体的な`PlaneItem`が`Union[PlaneItem, CarItem]`内で`CarItem`より前に来ています。

///

{* ../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003_py310.py hl[1,14:15,18:20,33] *}

/**
 * A bounded {@linkplain BlockingQueue blocking queue} backed by an array. This queue orders
 * elements FIFO (first-in-first-out). The head of the queue is that element that has been
 * on the queue the longest time. The tail of the queue is that element that has been on
 * the queue the shortest time. New elements are inserted at the tail of the queue, and the queue
 * retrieval operations obtain elements at the head of the queue.