],
            "msg": "value is not a valid integer",
            "type": "type_error.integer"
        }
    ]
}
```

obtendrás una versión en texto, con:

```
1 validation error
path -> item_id
  value is not a valid integer (type=type_error.integer)
```

#### `RequestValidationError` vs `ValidationError`

/// warning | Advertencia

            ],
            "msg": "value is not a valid integer",
            "type": "type_error.integer"
        }
    ]
}
```

você receberá a versão em texto:

```
1 validation error
path -> item_id
  value is not a valid integer (type=type_error.integer)
```

### `RequestValidationError` vs `ValidationError`

/// warning | Aviso

            logger.debug("Login failed.", e);
        }
        return OptionalEntity.empty();
    }

    /**
     * Authenticates a user with the specified username without password validation.
     *
     * @param username the username for authentication
     * @return an optional containing the authenticated user if successful, empty otherwise
     */

    C --> F[Witness Protocol]
    D --> F
```

## Testing Strategy

### Unit Tests
- Individual component testing for each feature
- Mock-based testing for protocol interactions
- State machine validation

### Integration Tests
- Feature interaction testing
- Network failure simulation
- Performance benchmarking
- Compatibility testing with Windows Server 2016/2019/2022

///

### Поле `examples` у JSON Schema

Пізніше JSON Schema додала поле <a href="https://json-schema.org/draft/2019-09/json-schema-validation.html#rfc.section.9.5" class="external-link" target="_blank">`examples`</a> у нову версію специфікації.

І вже OpenAPI 3.1.0 базується на цій новій версії (JSON Schema 2020-12), яка включає поле `examples`.

		case c < '0' || c > '9':
			return time.Time{}, ErrHeader
		case i < len(nanoDigits):
			nanoDigits[i] = c
		}
	}
	nsecs, _ := strconv.ParseInt(string(nanoDigits[:]), 10, 64) // Must succeed after validation
	if len(ss) > 0 && ss[0] == '-' {
		return time.Unix(secs, -1*nsecs), nil // Negative correction
	}
	return time.Unix(secs, nsecs), nil
}

///

### JSON Schema's `examples` field { #json-schemas-examples-field }

But then JSON Schema added an <a href="https://json-schema.org/draft/2019-09/json-schema-validation.html#rfc.section.9.5" class="external-link" target="_blank">`examples`</a> field to a new version of the specification.

	}

	// fall back to original distribution based order.
	return shuffleDisksAndPartsMetadata(disks, metaArr, fi)
}

// Return shuffled partsMetadata depending on fi.Distribution.
// additional validation is attempted and invalid metadata is
// automatically skipped only when fi.ModTime is non-zero
// indicating that this is called during read-phase

import org.codelibs.fess.util.ComponentUtil;
import org.codelibs.fess.util.GsaConfigParser;
import org.codelibs.fess.util.ParameterUtil;
import org.codelibs.fess.util.ResourceUtil;
import org.codelibs.fess.validation.FessActionValidator;
import org.lastaflute.core.message.supplier.UserMessagesCreator;
import org.lastaflute.web.TypicalAction;
import org.lastaflute.web.response.HtmlResponse;

그리고 역시나 모든 에디터 도움을 받게 되겠죠.

<img src="/img/python-types/image06.png">

## Pydantic 모델

<a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a>은 데이터 검증(Validation)을 위한 파이썬 라이브러리입니다.

당신은 속성들을 포함한 클래스 형태로 "모양(shape)"을 선언할 수 있습니다.

그리고 각 속성은 타입을 가지고 있습니다.

이 클래스를 활용하여서 값을 가지고 있는 인스턴스를 만들게 되면, 필요한 경우에는 적당한 타입으로 변환까지 시키기도 하여 데이터가 포함된 객체를 반환합니다.