userResponse: Response,
    defaultDelay: Int,
  ): Int {
    val header = userResponse.header("Retry-After") ?: return defaultDelay

    // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-7.1.3
    // currently ignores a HTTP-date, and assumes any non int 0 is a delay
    if (header.matches("\\d+".toRegex())) {
      return Integer.valueOf(header)
    }
    return Integer.MAX_VALUE
  }

  companion object {

				w.Header().Set(xhttp.AmzServerSideEncryptionKmsContext, kmsCtx)
			}
		case crypto.SSEC:
			w.Header().Set(xhttp.AmzServerSideEncryptionCustomerAlgorithm, r.Header.Get(xhttp.AmzServerSideEncryptionCustomerAlgorithm))
			w.Header().Set(xhttp.AmzServerSideEncryptionCustomerKeyMD5, r.Header.Get(xhttp.AmzServerSideEncryptionCustomerKeyMD5))
		}
		objInfo.ETag = getDecryptedETag(r.Header, objInfo, false)
	}

    ],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.dataclasses_.{request.param}")

    client = TestClient(mod.app)
    client.headers.clear()
    return client


def test_post_item(client: TestClient):
    response = client.post("/items/", json={"name": "Foo", "price": 3})
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {

接着只需在测试中同样操作。

示例：

* 传一个*路径* 或*查询* 参数，添加到URL上。
* 传一个JSON体，传一个Python对象(例如一个`dict`)到参数 `json`。
* 如果你需要发送 *Form Data* 而不是 JSON，使用 `data` 参数。
* 要发送 *headers*，传 `dict` 给 `headers` 参数。
* 对于 *cookies*，传 `dict` 给 `cookies` 参数。

关于如何传数据给后端的更多信息 (使用`httpx` 或 `TestClient`)，请查阅 <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX 文档</a>.

/// info | 信息

      assertThat(ioe.message).isEqualTo("Premature EOF")
    }
  }

  private fun headersToList(response: MockResponse.Builder): List<String> {
    val headers = response.build().headers
    return headers.map { (key, value) -> "$key: $value" }.toList()
  }

  @Test
  fun closeWithoutStart() {
    val server = MockWebServer()
    server.close()
  }

  @Test

* <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Reference/Headers/X-Forwarded-For" class="external-link" target="_blank">X-Forwarded-For</a>
* <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Reference/Headers/X-Forwarded-Proto" class="external-link" target="_blank">X-Forwarded-Proto</a>
* <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Reference/Headers/X-Forwarded-Host" class="external-link" target="_blank">X-Forwarded-Host</a>

def test_get_redirect(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/portal", params={"teleport": True}, follow_redirects=False)
    assert response.status_code == 307, response.text
    assert response.headers["location"] == "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ"


def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

## Resumen { #summary }

Puedes usar **modelos de Pydantic** para declarar **parámetros query** en **FastAPI**. 😎

/// tip | Consejo

Alerta de spoiler: también puedes usar modelos de Pydantic para declarar cookies y headers, pero leerás sobre eso más adelante en el tutorial. 🤫

    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.headers["content-type"] == "text/html; charset=utf-8"
    assert "window.opener.swaggerUIRedirectOauth2" in response.text


def test_redoc():
    response = client.get("/redoc")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.headers["content-type"] == "text/html; charset=utf-8"
    assert "redoc@2" in response.text

    user = fake_decode_token(token)
    if not user:
        raise HTTPException(
            status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
            detail="Not authenticated",
            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
        )
    return user


async def get_current_active_user(
    current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)],
):
    if current_user.disabled: