* Class argument that this test uses. Normally we'd fix that by declaring a
         * ReflectionFreeAssertThrowsTest with a testNulls method, but that's annoying to have to do
         * for a package-private utility class. So we skip the class entirely instead.
         */
        continue;
      }
      try {
        tester.doTestNulls(classToTest, visibility);
      } catch (Throwable e) {

def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```

<details markdown="1">
<summary>Ou utilisez <code>async def</code> ...</summary>

Si votre code utilise `async` / `await`, utilisez `async def` :

```Python hl_lines="9  14"
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
async def read_root():

import org.codelibs.core.exception.EmptyArgumentException;
import org.codelibs.core.exception.NullArgumentException;
import org.codelibs.core.lang.StringUtil;

/**
 * Utility class for assertions.
 *
 * @author shot
 */
public abstract class AssertionUtil {

    /**
     * Do not instantiate.
     */
    protected AssertionUtil() {
    }

    /**

#### Sobre FastAPI Cloud { #about-fastapi-cloud }

**<a href="https://fastapicloud.com" class="external-link" target="_blank">FastAPI Cloud</a>** está construido por el mismo autor y equipo detrás de **FastAPI**.

Agiliza el proceso de **construir**, **desplegar** y **acceder** a una API con el mínimo esfuerzo.

Trae la misma **experiencia de desarrollador** de construir apps con FastAPI a **desplegarlas** en la nube. 🎉

import org.codelibs.core.exception.IORuntimeException;
import org.codelibs.core.exception.ResourceNotFoundRuntimeException;
import org.codelibs.core.jar.JarFileUtil;
import org.codelibs.core.net.URLUtil;

/**
 * Utility class for resource handling.
 *
 * @author higa
 */
public abstract class ResourceUtil {

    /**
     * Do not instantiate.
     */
    protected ResourceUtil() {
    }

    /**

En los capítulos sobre seguridad, hay funciones utilitarias que se implementan de esta misma manera.

Si entendiste todo esto, ya sabes cómo funcionan por debajo esas herramientas de utilidad para seguridad.

///

## Dependencias con `yield`, `HTTPException`, `except` y Tareas en segundo plano { #dependencies-with-yield-httpexception-except-and-background-tasks }

/// warning | Advertencia

 * </ul>
 */
public class Constants extends CoreLibConstants {

    /**
     * Private constructor to prevent instantiation of this utility class.
     * This class contains only static constants and should not be instantiated.
     */
    private Constants() {
        // Utility class - no instantiation
    }

    // ============================================================
    // System and UI Constants

Agora vamos construir a partir do capítulo anterior e adicionar as partes que faltam para ter um fluxo de segurança completo.

## Obtenha o `username` e a `password` { #get-the-username-and-password }

É utilizado o utils de segurança da **FastAPI** para obter o `username` e a `password`.

    builds, dependency management, documentation creation, site
    publication, and distribution publication are all controlled from
    the declarative file. Maven can be extended by plugins to utilise a
    number of other development tools for reporting or the build
    process.
  </description>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org/</url>
  <inceptionYear>2001</inceptionYear>
  <properties>

import org.codelibs.core.collection.MultiIterator;
import org.codelibs.core.exception.ClUnsupportedOperationException;
import org.codelibs.core.exception.ParseRuntimeException;
import org.codelibs.core.misc.LocaleUtil;

/**
 * Utility for converting time-representing objects to {@link Date}, {@link Calendar}, or {@link Time}.
 * <p>
 * For objects representing only dates, see {@link DateConversionUtil}. For objects representing both date and time,