from typing import Annotated, Optional

import pytest
from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()

# =====================================================================================
# Without aliases


@app.get("/optional-str")
async def read_optional_str(p: Annotated[Optional[str], Header()] = None):
    return {"p": p}

from typing import Annotated

import pytest
from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from .utils import get_body_model_name

app = FastAPI()

# =====================================================================================
# Without aliases


@app.post("/list-bytes", operation_id="list_bytes")
async def read_list_bytes(p: Annotated[list[bytes], File()]):

**Note**: Make sure you put `"fastapi[standard]"` in quotes to ensure it works in all terminals.

## Example { #example }

### Create it { #create-it }

Create a file `main.py` with:

```Python
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")

from typing import Annotated, Optional

import pytest
from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()

# =====================================================================================
# Without aliases


@app.get("/optional-list-str")
async def read_optional_list_str(
    p: Annotated[Optional[list[str]], Header()] = None,
):

<div class="termy">

```console
$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"

---> 100%
```

</div>

## 예제

### 만들기

* `main.py` 파일을 만드십시오:

```Python
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")

### 嵌套类型

有些容器数据结构可以包含其他的值，比如 `dict`、`list`、`set` 和 `tuple`。它们内部的值也会拥有自己的类型。

你可以使用 Python 的 `typing` 标准库来声明这些类型以及子类型。

它专门用来支持这些类型提示。

#### 列表

例如，让我们来定义一个由 `str` 组成的 `list` 变量。

从 `typing` 模块导入 `List`（注意是大写的 `L`）：

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py hl[1] *}


同样以冒号（`:`）来声明这个变量。

输入 `List` 作为类型。

from typing import Annotated

import pytest
from dirty_equals import AnyThing, IsOneOf, IsPartialDict
from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()

# =====================================================================================
# Without aliases


@app.get("/required-str")
async def read_required_str(p: Annotated[str, Header()]):

from collections.abc import Sequence
from typing import Annotated, Any, Callable, Optional, Union

from annotated_doc import Doc
from fastapi import params
from fastapi._compat import Undefined
from fastapi.openapi.models import Example
from pydantic import AliasChoices, AliasPath
from typing_extensions import Literal, deprecated

_Unset: Any = Undefined


def Path(  # noqa: N802
    default: Annotated[
        Any,
        Doc(

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Body, Cookie, FastAPI, Header, Path, Query
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    data: str


@app.post("/examples/")
def examples(
    item: Item = Body(
        examples=[
            {"data": "Data in Body examples, example1"},
        ],
        openapi_examples={
            "Example One": {

from typing import Optional

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: Optional[float] = None


@app.api_route("/items/{item_id}", methods=["GET"])
def get_items(item_id: str):
    return {"item_id": item_id}


def get_not_decorated(item_id: str):