def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```

<details markdown="1">
<summary>或者使用 <code>async def</code>...</summary>

如果你的代码里会出现 `async` / `await`，请使用 `async def`：

```Python hl_lines="9  14"
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
async def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}

					timeout.LogSuccess(time.Duration(float64(time.Second) * rng.Float64()))
				}
				to := timeout.Timeout()
				if to < time.Millisecond || to > time.Second {
					panic(to)
				}
			}
		}()
	}
	wg.Wait()
}

func TestDynamicTimeoutHitMinimum(t *testing.T) {
	const minimum = 30 * time.Second
	timeout := newDynamicTimeout(time.Minute, minimum)

	initial := timeout.Timeout()

   * value. Otherwise, a call that passes one {@code loader} may return the result of another call
   * with a differently behaving {@code loader}. For example, a call that requests a short timeout
   * for an RPC may wait for a similar call that requests a long timeout, or a call by an
   * unprivileged user may return a resource accessible only to a privileged user making a similar

					endpoints[i].IsLocal = isLocal
					epsResolved++
					if !foundLocal {
						foundLocal = isLocal
					}
				}
			}

			// Wait for the tick, if the there exist a local endpoint in discovery.
			// Non docker/kubernetes environment we do not need to wait.
			if !foundLocal && orchestrated {
				<-keepAliveTicker.C
			}
		}
	}

	// On Kubernetes/Docker setups DNS resolves inappropriately sometimes

      assertEquals(cancelMode == INTERRUPT, Thread.interrupted())
    }
    responseBody.close()
    assertEquals(if (connectionType == H2) 1 else 0, client.connectionPool.connectionCount())

    cancelLatch.await()

    val events = listener.eventSequence.filter { isConnectionEvent(it) }.map { it.name }
    listener.clearAllEvents()

    assertThat(events).startsWith("CallStart", "ConnectStart", "ConnectEnd", "ConnectionAcquired")

{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip | "Dica"

Observe que as funções de teste são `def` normais, não `async def`.

E as chamadas para o cliente também são chamadas normais, não usando `await`.

Isso permite que você use `pytest` diretamente sem complicações.

///

/// note | "Detalhes técnicos"

Você também pode usar `from starlette.testclient import TestClient`.

{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip | "Tipp"

Beachten Sie, dass die Testfunktionen normal `def` und nicht `async def` sind.

Und die Anrufe an den Client sind ebenfalls normale Anrufe, die nicht `await` verwenden.

Dadurch können Sie `pytest` ohne Komplikationen direkt nutzen.

///

/// note | "Technische Details"

Sie könnten auch `from starlette.testclient import TestClient` verwenden.

{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip | "Подсказка"

Обратите внимание, что тестирующая функция является обычной `def`, а не асинхронной `async def`.

И вызов клиента также осуществляется без `await`.

Это позволяет вам использовать `pytest` без лишних усложнений.

///

/// note | "Технические детали"

Также можно написать `from starlette.testclient import TestClient`.

                                   details        0.040        0.000          2ms          4ms          4ms
`
	if output != expectedOutput {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected output; got:\n %q\nwant:\n %q", output, expectedOutput)
	}
}

func (client mockPromAPI) Alerts(ctx context.Context) (promv1.AlertsResult, error) {
	return promv1.AlertsResult{}, fmt.Errorf("TODO mockPromAPI doesn't mock Alerts")
}

	# Start Daemon
	start-stop-daemon -d $FESS_HOME --start -b --user "$FESS_USER" -c "$FESS_USER" --pidfile "$PID_FILE" --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS
	return=$?
	if [ $return -eq 0 ]; then
		i=0
		timeout=10
		# Wait for the process to be properly started before exiting
		until { kill -0 `cat "$PID_FILE"`; } >/dev/null 2>&1
		do
			sleep 1
			i=$(($i + 1))
			if [ $i -gt $timeout ]; then
				log_end_msg 1
				exit 1