for (int i = end - 1; i >= start; i--) {
      if (array[i] == target) {
        return i;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the values from each provided array combined into a single array. For example, {@code
   * concat(new boolean[] {a, b}, new boolean[] {}, new boolean[] {c}} returns the array {@code {a,
   * b, c}}.
   *

    for (int i = end - 1; i >= start; i--) {
      if (array[i] == target) {
        return i;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the values from each provided array combined into a single array. For example, {@code
   * concat(new boolean[] {a, b}, new boolean[] {}, new boolean[] {c}} returns the array {@code {a,
   * b, c}}.
   *

        if (element.equals(iterator.next())) {
          return true;
        }
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

  /**
   * Traverses an iterator and removes every element that belongs to the provided collection. The
   * iterator will be left exhausted: its {@code hasNext()} method will return {@code false}.
   *
   * @param removeFrom the iterator to (potentially) remove elements from

 * behavior of {@link #addAll}, which can lead to unexpected behavior. In this case, you should
 * override {@code addAll} as well, either providing your own implementation, or delegating to the
 * provided {@code standardAddAll} method.
 *
 * <p><b>{@code default} method warning:</b> This class does <i>not</i> forward calls to {@code
 * default} methods. Instead, it inherits their default implementations. When those implementations

        br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, charset));
    }

    /**
     * Runs the thread to continuously read lines from the input stream.
     * Each line is processed by the output callback (if provided) and added to the buffer.
     * The buffer is maintained as a circular buffer with the specified size.
     */
    @Override
    public void run() {
        boolean running = true;
        while (running) {

# Async Tests { #async-tests }

You have already seen how to test your **FastAPI** applications using the provided `TestClient`. Up to now, you have only seen how to write synchronous tests, without using `async` functions.

You can use any template engine you want with **FastAPI**.

A common choice is Jinja2, the same one used by Flask and other tools.

There are utilities to configure it easily that you can use directly in your **FastAPI** application (provided by Starlette).

## Install dependencies { #install-dependencies }

Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and install `jinja2`:

     * Gets the pointer/offset to the string data.
     *
     * @return the pointer to the string data
     */
    public int getPointer() {
        return this.pointer;
    }

    /**
     * Validates the provided string against this structure's metadata.
     * Checks that the string length matches the expected length and that
     * null strings have a zero pointer.
     *
     * @param string the string to validate

![Grafana](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/minio/minio/master/docs/metrics/prometheus/grafana/node/grafana-node.png)

 *
 * <p>A graph is composed of a set of nodes and a set of edges connecting pairs of nodes.
 *
 * <p>There are three primary interfaces provided to represent graphs. In order of increasing
 * complexity they are: {@link Graph}, {@link ValueGraph}, and {@link Network}. You should generally
 * prefer the simplest interface that satisfies your use case. See the <a