import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import junit.framework.AssertionFailedError;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/** Replacements for JUnit's {@code assertThrows} that work under GWT/J2CL. */
@GwtCompatible
@NullMarked
final class ReflectionFreeAssertThrows {
  interface ThrowingRunnable {
    void run() throws Throwable;
  }

  interface ThrowingSupplier {

import com.google.common.collect.testing.features.CollectionSize;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.features.ListFeature;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * A generic JUnit test which tests {@code addAll(int, Collection)} operations on a list. Can't be
 * invoked directly; please see {@link com.google.common.collect.testing.ListTestSuiteBuilder}.
 *
 * @author Chris Povirk
 */
@GwtCompatible

import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import junit.framework.AssertionFailedError;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/** Replacements for JUnit's {@code assertThrows} that work under GWT/J2CL. */
@GwtCompatible
@NullMarked
final class ReflectionFreeAssertThrows {
  interface ThrowingRunnable {
    void run() throws Throwable;
  }

  interface ThrowingSupplier {

import static java.lang.Math.max;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import java.math.BigInteger;

/**
 * Utilities for {@code double} primitives.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtIncompatible
final class DoubleUtils {
  private DoubleUtils() {}

  static double nextDown(double d) {
    return -Math.nextUp(-d);
  }

import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import junit.framework.AssertionFailedError;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/** Replacements for JUnit's {@code assertThrows} that work under GWT/J2CL. */
@GwtCompatible
@NullMarked
final class ReflectionFreeAssertThrows {
  interface ThrowingRunnable {
    void run() throws Throwable;
  }

  interface ThrowingSupplier {

import java.util.stream.Stream;
import junit.framework.Test;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import junit.framework.TestSuite;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;

/**
 * Tests for {@code ImmutableEnumMap}.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtCompatible
@NullMarked
public class ImmutableEnumMapTest extends TestCase {
  @J2ktIncompatible
  @AndroidIncompatible // test-suite builders

In the main tutorial you read how to add [Custom Middleware](../tutorial/middleware.md){.internal-link target=_blank} to your application.

And then you also read how to handle [CORS with the `CORSMiddleware`](../tutorial/cors.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

In this section we'll see how to use other middlewares.

## Adding ASGI middlewares { #adding-asgi-middlewares }

package cmd

// Code generated by github.com/tinylib/msgp DO NOT EDIT.

import (
	"bytes"
	"testing"

	"github.com/tinylib/msgp/msgp"
)

func TestMarshalUnmarshalDailyAllTierStats(t *testing.T) {
	v := DailyAllTierStats{}
	bts, err := v.MarshalMsg(nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	left, err := v.UnmarshalMsg(bts)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if len(left) > 0 {

Auch wenn im obige Code Pydantic nicht explizit vorkommt, verwendet FastAPI Pydantic, um diese Standard-Datenklassen in Pydantics eigene Variante von Datenklassen zu konvertieren.

Und natürlich wird das gleiche unterstützt:

* Validierung der Daten

// Copyright 2015 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

// This input was created by taking the instruction productions in
// the old assembler's (6a's) grammar and hand-writing complete
// instructions for each rule, to guarantee we cover the same space.

#include "../../../../../runtime/textflag.h"

TEXT	foo(SB), DUPOK|NOSPLIT, $0