# Testando { #testing }

Graças ao [Starlette](https://www.starlette.dev/testclient/), testar aplicações **FastAPI** é fácil e agradável.

Ele é baseado no [HTTPX](https://www.python-httpx.org), que por sua vez é projetado com base em Requests, por isso é muito familiar e intuitivo.

Com ele, você pode usar o [pytest](https://docs.pytest.org/) diretamente com **FastAPI**.

## Usando `TestClient` { #using-testclient }

/// info | Informação

      subsequently incorporated within the Work.

   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the

    lock02 = factory3.newReentrantLock(OtherOrder.SECOND);
    lock03 = factory3.newReentrantLock(OtherOrder.THIRD);
  }

  // In the unittest, create each ordered factory with its own set of lock
  // graph nodes (as opposed to using the static per-Enum map) to avoid
  // conflicts across different test runs.
  private <E extends Enum<E>>
      CycleDetectingLockFactory.WithExplicitOrdering<E> newInstanceWithExplicitOrdering(

    lock02 = factory3.newReentrantLock(OtherOrder.SECOND);
    lock03 = factory3.newReentrantLock(OtherOrder.THIRD);
  }

  // In the unittest, create each ordered factory with its own set of lock
  // graph nodes (as opposed to using the static per-Enum map) to avoid
  // conflicts across different test runs.
  private <E extends Enum<E>>
      CycleDetectingLockFactory.WithExplicitOrdering<E> newInstanceWithExplicitOrdering(

import org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.realm.ClassRealm;
import org.codehaus.plexus.component.repository.ComponentDescriptor;
import org.codehaus.plexus.component.repository.ComponentSetDescriptor;
import org.eclipse.aether.graph.DependencyNode;

/**
 */
public class PluginDescriptor extends ComponentSetDescriptor implements Cloneable {

    private static final String LIFECYCLE_DESCRIPTOR = "META-INF/maven/lifecycle.xml";

///

## Atualizando as versões do FastAPI { #upgrading-the-fastapi-versions }

Você deveria adicionar testes para a sua aplicação.

Com **FastAPI** isso é muito fácil (graças ao Starlette), veja a documentação: [Testes](../tutorial/testing.md)

    "mypy >=1.14.1",
    "pwdlib[argon2] >=0.2.1",
    "pyjwt >=2.9.0",
    "pytest >=9.0.0",
    "pytest-codspeed >=4.2.0",
    "pyyaml >=5.3.1,<7.0.0",
    "sqlmodel >=0.0.31",
    "strawberry-graphql >=0.200.0,<1.0.0",
    "ty>=0.0.9",
    "types-orjson >=3.6.2",
    "types-ujson >=5.10.0.20240515",
    "a2wsgi >=1.9.0,<=2.0.0",
    "pytest-xdist[psutil]>=2.5.0",
    "pytest-cov>=4.0.0",

# Corpo - Modelos aninhados { #body-nested-models }

Com o **FastAPI**, você pode definir, validar, documentar e usar modelos arbitrariamente e profundamente aninhados (graças ao Pydantic).

## Campos do tipo Lista { #list-fields }

Você pode definir um atributo como um subtipo. Por exemplo, uma `list` do Python:

{* ../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001_py310.py hl[12] *}

	if s3Err != ErrNone {
		writeErrorResponseJSON(ctx, w, errorCodes.ToAPIErr(s3Err), r.URL)
		return
	}

	// Now we have all the key names, for each of them, check whether the policy grants permission for
	// the user to list it. Filter in place to leave only allowed keys.
	n := 0
	for _, k := range allKeys {
		if checkKMSActionAllowed(r, owner, cred, policy.KMSListKeysAction, k.Name) {
			allKeys[n] = k

      subsequently incorporated within the Work.

   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the