import com.google.common.collect.testing.features.CollectionSize;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * Common parent class for {@link ListIndexOfTester} and {@link ListLastIndexOfTester}.
 *
 * @author Chris Povirk
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")

As **FastAPI** is actually **Starlette** underneath, with a layer of several tools on top, you can use Starlette's <a href="https://www.starlette.io/requests/" class="external-link" target="_blank">`Request`</a> object directly when you need to.

# 폼 모델

FastAPI에서 **Pydantic 모델**을 이용하여 **폼 필드**를 선언할 수 있습니다.

/// info | 정보

폼(Form)을 사용하려면, 먼저 <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a>를 설치하세요.

[가상 환경](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}을 생성하고 활성화한 다음, 아래와 같이 설치할 수 있습니다:

```console
$ pip install python-multipart
```

///

/// note | 참고

이 기능은 FastAPI 버전 `0.113.0` 이후부터 지원됩니다. 🤓

 * similar to those in this class for non-precondition checks.
 *
 * <h3>{@code java.util.Objects.requireNonNull()}</h3>
 *
 * <p>Projects which use {@code com.google.common} should generally avoid the use of {@link
 * java.util.Objects#requireNonNull(Object)}. Instead, use whichever of {@link

    * Napisz mi, w jaki sposób korzystasz z FastAPI (uwielbiam o tym czytać).
    * Dowiedz się, gdy ogłoszę coś nowego lub wypuszczę nowe narzędzia.
    * Możesz także <a href="https://x.com/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">śledzić @fastapi na X (Twitter)</a> (to oddzielne konto).

 * the License.
 */

/**
 * Concurrency utilities.
 *
 * <p>Commonly used types include {@link ClosingFuture}, {@link ListenableFuture}, and {@link
 * Service}.
 *
 * <p>Commonly used utilities include {@link Futures}, {@link MoreExecutors}, {@link
 * ThreadFactoryBuilder}, and {@link Uninterruptibles}.
 *
 * <p>This package is a part of the open-source <a href="https://github.com/google/guava">Guava</a>

 * <p>
 * A type can be marked {@link Consumer} or {@link Provider} but not both. A type is assumed to be
 * {@link Consumer} if it is not marked either {@link Consumer} or {@link Provider}.
 * <p>
 * A package can be marked {@link Provider}. In this case, all types in the package are considered
 * to be a provider type regardless of whether they are marked {@link Consumer} or {@link Provider}.
 *
 * @see Consumer
 * @since 4.0.0

        }
        return clazz;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a {@link Constructor} object that reflects the specified {@code public} constructor of the class represented by the {@link Class} object.
     *
     * @param <T>
     *            The class represented by the {@link Class} object
     * @param clazz
     *            The {@link Class} object representing the class. Must not be {@literal null}.
     * @param argTypes

/** Static utility method for unchecked throwing of any {@link Throwable}. */
@GwtCompatible
final class SneakyThrows<T extends Throwable> {
  /**
   * Throws {@code t} as if it were an unchecked {@link Throwable}.
   *
   * <p>This method is useful primarily when we make a reflective call to a method with no {@code
   * throws} clause: Java forces us to handle an arbitrary {@link Throwable} from that method,

/** Static utility method for unchecked throwing of any {@link Throwable}. */
@GwtCompatible
final class SneakyThrows<T extends Throwable> {
  /**
   * Throws {@code t} as if it were an unchecked {@link Throwable}.
   *
   * <p>This method is useful primarily when we make a reflective call to a method with no {@code
   * throws} clause: Java forces us to handle an arbitrary {@link Throwable} from that method,