以降のセクションは、すでにチュートリアルを読んで、その主要なアイデアを理解できていることを前提としています。

## テスト駆動開発のコース

このセクションの内容を補完するために脱初心者用コースを受けたい場合は、**TestDriven.io**による、<a href="https://testdriven.io/courses/tdd-fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Test-Driven Development with FastAPI and Docker</a>を確認するのがよいかもしれません。

import gradlebuild.binarycompatibility.rules.UpgradePropertiesRuleSetup
import japicmp.model.JApiChangeStatus
import org.gradle.api.file.Directory
import org.gradle.api.file.FileCollection

class BinaryCompatibilityHelper {
    static setupJApiCmpRichReportRules(
        JapicmpTask japicmpTask,
        AcceptedApiChanges acceptedViolations,
        FileCollection sourceRoots,
        String currentVersion,

<!DOCTYPE components PUBLIC "-//DBFLUTE//DTD LastaDi 1.0//EN" 
	"http://dbflute.org/meta/lastadi10.dtd">
<components namespace="fessCrawler">
	<!-- Crawler Thread -->
	<component name="crawlerThread" class="org.codelibs.fess.crawler.FessCrawlerThread" instance="prototype" >
	</component>

<!DOCTYPE components PUBLIC "-//DBFLUTE//DTD LastaDi 1.0//EN"
	"http://dbflute.org/meta/lastadi10.dtd">
<components namespace="fessCrawler">
	<include path="crawler/container.xml" />

	<component name="logHelper"
		class="org.codelibs.fess.helper.CrawlerLogHelper">
	</component>

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None


app = FastAPI()


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):

from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI


@dataclass
class Item:
    name: str
    price: float
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/items/")
async def create_item(item: Item):

 * *protocol* to identify how HTTP messages are framed.
 *
 * [ietf_alpn]: http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tls-applayerprotoneg
 */
enum class Protocol(private val protocol: String) {
  /**
   * An obsolete plaintext framing that does not use persistent sockets by default.
   */
  HTTP_1_0("http/1.0"),

  /**

 * override {@code offer} as well, either providing your own implementation, or delegating to the
 * provided {@code standardOffer} method.
 *
 * <p><b>{@code default} method warning:</b> This class does <i>not</i> forward calls to {@code
 * default} methods. Instead, it inherits their default implementations. When those implementations
 * invoke methods, they invoke methods on the {@code ForwardingBlockingDeque}.
 *

import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**
 * Annotates a "top-level" type-variable usage that takes its nullness from the type argument
 * supplied by the user of the class. For example, {@code Multiset.Entry.getElement()} returns
 * {@code @ParametricNullness E}, which means:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>{@code getElement} on a {@code Multiset.Entry<@NonNull String>} returns {@code @NonNull

 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore // Affects only Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class MultimapAsMapGetTester<K, V> extends AbstractMultimapTester<K, V, Multimap<K, V>> {

  @CollectionSize.Require(SEVERAL)
  @MapFeature.Require(SUPPORTS_REMOVE)
  public void testPropagatesRemoveToMultimap() {