## 安全性 - HTTPS

在[上一章有关 HTTPS](https.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 中，我们了解了 HTTPS 如何为您的 API 提供加密。

我们还看到，HTTPS 通常由应用程序服务器的**外部**组件（**TLS 终止代理**）提供。

并且必须有某个东西负责**更新 HTTPS 证书**，它可以是相同的组件，也可以是不同的组件。


### HTTPS 示例工具

您可以用作 TLS 终止代理的一些工具包括：

* Traefik
     * 自动处理证书更新 ✨
* Caddy
     * 自动处理证书更新 ✨
* Nginx
     * 使用 Certbot 等外部组件进行证书更新
* HAProxy
     * 使用 Certbot 等外部组件进行证书更新

   * certificates.
   */
  private SSLSocketFactory defaultSslSocketFactory(X509TrustManager trustManager)
      throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException {
    SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
    sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[] { trustManager }, null);

    return sslContext.getSocketFactory();
  }

  /** Returns a trust manager that trusts the VM's default certificate authorities. */

		HTTPStatusCode: http.StatusBadRequest,
	},
	ErrSTSInsecureConnection: {
		Code:           "InsecureConnection",
		Description:    "The request was made over a plain HTTP connection. A TLS connection is required.",
		HTTPStatusCode: http.StatusBadRequest,
	},
	ErrSTSInvalidClientCertificate: {
		Code:           "InvalidClientCertificate",

import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;

import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Protocol;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;
import okhttp3.tls.HandshakeCertificates;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

    TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory =
        TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
    trustManagerFactory.init(keystore);

    SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
    sslContext.init(
        keyManagerFactory.getKeyManagers(),
        trustManagerFactory.getTrustManagers(),
        new SecureRandom());

    return sslContext;
  }

### 负载均衡器

使用容器时，通常会有一些组件**监听主端口**。 它可能是处理 **HTTPS** 的 **TLS 终止代理** 或一些类似的工具的另一个容器。

由于该组件将接受请求的**负载**并（希望）以**平衡**的方式在worker之间分配该请求，因此它通常也称为**负载均衡器**。

/// tip

用于 HTTPS **TLS 终止代理** 的相同组件也可能是 **负载均衡器**。

///

当使用容器时，你用来启动和管理容器的同一系统已经具有内部工具来传输来自该**负载均衡器**（也可以是**TLS 终止代理**) 的**网络通信**（例如HTTP请求）到你的应用程序容器。

### 一个负载均衡器 - 多个worker容器

 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package okhttp3.tls.internal.der

import java.net.ProtocolException

/**
 * Handles basic types that always use the same tag. This supports optional types and may set a type
 * hint for further adapters to process.
 *

 *   <li>useEPSVwithIPv4: Whether to use EPSV with IPv4.</li>
 *   <li>isImplicit: Whether to use implicit SSL/TLS encryption.</li>
 *   <li>trustManager: The trust manager to use for SSL/TLS connections ("all", "valid", or "none").</li>
 *   <li>enterLocalPassiveMode: Whether to enter local passive mode.</li>

    authentication challenges and redirects.

 *  New: Handy constants for `Headers.EMPTY`, `RequestBody.EMPTY`, and `ResponseBody.EMPTY`.

 *  New: OkHttp now calls `StrictMode.noteSlowCall()` when initializing TLS on Android. Use
    `StrictMode` to detect if your `OkHttpClient` is being initialized on the main thread.

 *  Upgrade: [Okio 3.12.0][okio_3_12_0].

 *  Upgrade: [Kotlin 2.1.21][kotlin_2_1_21].

 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package okhttp3.tls.internal.der

import okio.Buffer
import okio.ByteString

/**
 * Encode and decode a model object like a [Long] or [Certificate] as DER bytes.
 */
internal interface DerAdapter<T> {