byte[] buffer = new byte[50];
        int used = nullPathCmd.writeBytesWireFormat(buffer, 0);
        // Should write command byte + null terminator only
        assertEquals(2, used, "Null path should result in command byte + NUL");
        assertEquals(0x04, buffer[0] & 0xFF, "First byte must still be 0x04");
        assertEquals(0, buffer[1], "Second byte must be null terminator");

    @Test
    @DisplayName("accept: returns true for directories; verifies isDirectory is invoked")
    void accept_returnsTrueForDirectory_andVerifiesInteraction() throws Exception {
        // Arrange: filter that accepts directories only
        SmbFileFilter filter = f -> f.isDirectory();
        when(smbFile.isDirectory()).thenReturn(true);

        // Act
        boolean result = filter.accept(smbFile);

        // Assert

        // Directory leasing requires SMB 3.0 or higher
        // MS-SMB2: Level 2 leasing (which includes directory leasing) is only supported in SMB 3.0+
        // We'll validate this when we actually need to use the session

        // Request base lease
        Smb2LeaseKey leaseKey = baseLeaseManager.requestLease(directoryPath, requestedState);

            assertFalse(UniAddress.isDotQuadIP(input));
        }

        @Test
        void shouldReturnTrueForInvalidOctetValues() {
            // isDotQuadIP does not validate octet values, only checks format
            assertTrue(UniAddress.isDotQuadIP("192.168.1.256"));
            assertTrue(UniAddress.isDotQuadIP("999.999.999.999"));
        }

        @Test
        void shouldThrowExceptionForNullInput() {

    @Test
    @DisplayName("byte[] ctor: malformed DER is wrapped as PACDecodingException (IOException path)")
    void byteArrayConstructor_malformedDER_throwsWrapped() {
        // Arrange: Truncated SEQUENCE (0x30 len=2 but only 1 byte of content)
        byte[] malformed = new byte[] { 0x30, 0x02, 0x01 };

        // Act + Assert
        PACDecodingException ex = assertThrows(PACDecodingException.class, () -> new KerberosApRequest(malformed, null));

{* ../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009_py39.py hl[7] *}

/// tip

Keep in mind that JSON only supports `str` as keys.

But Pydantic has automatic data conversion.

This means that, even though your API clients can only send strings as keys, as long as those strings contain pure integers, Pydantic will convert them and validate them.

	}{
		// Test case 1 normal case.
		{
			path:   "/bucket/object",
			bucket: "bucket",
			object: "object",
		},
		// Test case 2 where url only has separator.
		{
			path:   SlashSeparator,
			bucket: "",
			object: "",
		},
		// Test case 3 only bucket is present.
		{
			path:   "/bucket",
			bucket: "bucket",
			object: "",
		},
		// Test case 4 many separators and object is a directory.

        assertEquals(1, violations.size()); // Only NotNull violation

        bean.setRequiredCron("invalid"); // Now violates CronExpression
        violations = validator.validate(bean);
        assertEquals(1, violations.size()); // Only CronExpression violation

        bean.setRequiredCron(""); // Empty string passes NotNull but should pass CronExpression too

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      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason