throws IOException {
    // Roughly size to match what has been read already. Some file systems, such as procfs, return 0
    // as their length. These files are very small, so it's wasteful to allocate an 8KB buffer.
    int initialBufferSize = min(BUFFER_SIZE, max(128, Integer.highestOneBit(totalLen) * 2));
    // Starting with an 8k buffer, double the size of each successive buffer. Smaller buffers

Integer nullValue = IntegerConversionUtil.toInteger(null);     // Returns null
Boolean flag = BooleanConversionUtil.toBoolean("true");        // Returns true
Date date = DateConversionUtil.toDate("2023-12-25", "yyyy-MM-dd");

// Primitive conversions with default values
int primitiveInt = IntegerConversionUtil.toPrimitiveInt(value, "0");  // Default to 0 if null
```

### Collection Utilities with Java 21 Support

```Python
commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]
```

Mas como estamos utilizando `Annotated`, podemos guardar esse valor `Annotated` em uma variável e utilizá-la em múltiplos locais:

{* ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_02_an_py310.py hl[12,16,21] *}

/// tip | Dica

Isso é apenas Python padrão, essa funcionalidade é chamada de "type alias", e na verdade não é específica ao **FastAPI**.

   *
   * <p>The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are maintained by this queue.
   * (In other words, this method must allocate a new array). The caller is thus free to modify the
   * returned array.
   *
   * <p>This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based APIs.
   *

                }
            }
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            log.error("Failed to discover local interfaces", e);
        }

        // Sort by score
        localInterfaces.sort((a, b) -> Integer.compare(b.getScore(), a.getScore()));

        log.debug("Discovered {} local network interfaces", localInterfaces.size());
    }

    private boolean canEnableMultiChannel() {

      csum ^= crc;
      for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        csum = (csum >>> 8) ^ byteTable[csum & 0xFF];
      }
      return csum;
    }

    private static final ByteBuffer EMPTY = ByteBuffer.allocate(0);
  }

    String toTest =
        MoreObjects.toStringHelper(new TestClass())
            .omitEmptyValues()
            .add("field1", "Hello")
            .add("field2", CharBuffer.allocate(0))
            .toString();
    assertEquals("TestClass{field1=Hello}", toTest);
  }

  public void testToStringHelperWithArrays() {
    String[] strings = {"hello", "world"};
    int[] ints = {2, 42};

        if (protocol == null) {
            throw new UnsupportedProtocolException("Unspecified protocol");
        }

        String hint = protocol.toLowerCase(java.util.Locale.ENGLISH);

        Wagon wagon;
        try {
            wagon = container.lookup(Wagon.class, hint);
        } catch (ComponentLookupException e) {
            throw new UnsupportedProtocolException(

/// tip

The IP `0.0.0.0` is commonly used to mean that the program listens on all the IPs available in that machine/server.

///

The docs UI would also need the OpenAPI schema to declare that this API `server` is located at `/api/v1` (behind the proxy). For example:

```JSON hl_lines="4-8"
{
    "openapi": "3.1.0",
    // More stuff here
    "servers": [
        {
            "url": "/api/v1"
        }
    ],

    // If the factorial is small enough, just use LongMath to do it.
    if (n < LongMath.factorials.length) {
      return BigInteger.valueOf(LongMath.factorials[n]);
    }

    // Pre-allocate space for our list of intermediate BigIntegers.
    int approxSize = IntMath.divide(n * IntMath.log2(n, CEILING), Long.SIZE, CEILING);
    ArrayList<BigInteger> bignums = new ArrayList<>(approxSize);