// Test load with exception
    public void test_load_withException() {
        TestAuthenticationChain chain = new TestAuthenticationChain();
        chain.loadThrowsException = true;
        User user = createTestUser("testuser", "Test User");

        try {
            chain.load(user);
            fail("Expected exception to be thrown");
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {

    /**
     * Creates a {@link Reader} to read from a file with the specified encoding.
     *
     * @param is
     *            the input stream (must not be {@literal null})
     * @param encoding
     *            the encoding of the input stream (must not be {@literal null} or empty)
     * @return a {@link Reader} to read from the file
     */

                            return new GZIPInputStream(con.getInputStream());
                        } else {
                            return con.getInputStream();
                        }
                    } else if ("head".equalsIgnoreCase(con.getRequestMethod())) {
                        return new ByteArrayInputStream(new byte[0]);
                    } else {
                        if (GZIP.equals(con.getContentEncoding())) {

...and the more exotic ones:

* `OPTIONS`
* `HEAD`
* `PATCH`
* `TRACE`

In the HTTP protocol, you can communicate to each path using one (or more) of these "methods".

---

When building APIs, you normally use these specific HTTP methods to perform a specific action.

Normally you use:

* `POST`: to create data.
* `GET`: to read data.
* `PUT`: to update data.
* `DELETE`: to delete data.

    List<E> head = list.subList(0, size - 1);
    List<E> tail = list.subList(1, size);
    assertEquals(list.get(0), copy.get(0));
    assertEquals(list.get(size - 1), copy.get(size - 1));
    assertEquals(list.get(1), tail.get(0));
    assertEquals(list.get(size - 1), tail.get(size - 2));
    assertEquals(list.get(0), head.get(0));
    assertEquals(list.get(size - 2), head.get(size - 2));

    }

    /**
     * Creates a new CurlRequest with the HTTP HEAD method for the specified URL.
     *
     * @param url the URL to which the HEAD request is to be made
     * @return a CurlRequest object configured with the HEAD method and the specified URL
     */
    public static CurlRequest head(final String url) {
        return new CurlRequest(Method.HEAD, url);
    }

    /**

  public void testOpenStream() throws IOException {
    Reader reader = source.openStream();

    StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
    char[] buf = new char[64];
    int read;
    while ((read = reader.read(buf)) != -1) {
      writer.write(buf, 0, read);
    }
    reader.close();
    writer.close();

    assertExpectedString(writer.toString());
  }

  public void testOpenBufferedStream() throws IOException {

        // Flags should not be set for partial read
        assertFalse(d.getParametersDone(), "parametersDone should be false for partial read");
        assertFalse(d.getDataDone(), "dataDone should be false for partial read");
        assertTrue(d.getHasMore(), "hasMore should remain true for partial read");
    }

    /**
     * Test scenario with no data to read
     */
    @Test

    }

    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(JarFileUtil.class);

    /**
     * Creates and returns a <code>JarFile</code> to read the specified JAR file.
     *
     * @param file the file path (must not be {@literal null})
     * @return a <code>JarFile</code> to read the specified JAR file
     */
    public static JarFile create(final String file) {
        assertArgumentNotNull("file", file);

        try {

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