```

1. 本例依然要从标准的 `dataclasses` 中导入 `field`；

2. 使用 `pydantic.dataclasses` 直接替换 `dataclasses`；

3. `Author` 数据类包含 `Item` 数据类列表；

4. `Author` 数据类用于 `response_model` 参数；

5. 其它带有数据类的标准类型注解也可以作为请求体；

    本例使用的是 `Item` 数据类列表；

6. 这行代码返回的是包含 `items` 的字典，`items` 是数据类列表；

    FastAPI 仍能把数据<abbr title="把数据转换为可以传输的格式">序列化</abbr>为 JSON；

7. 这行代码中，`response_model` 的类型注解是 `Author` 数据类列表；

                                                   styleClass="form-control">
                                            <c:forEach var="item" items="${webConfigItems}">
                                                <la:option value="${f:u(item.value)}">${f:h(item.label)}</la:option>
                                            </c:forEach>
                                        </la:select>

    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Item not found"}


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/items-header/{item_id}": {
                "get": {
                    "responses": {

app.mount("/static", StaticFiles(directory="static"), name="static")


templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates")


@app.get("/items/{id}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
async def read_item(request: Request, id: str):
    return templates.TemplateResponse(
        request=request, name="item.html", context={"id": id}

    response = client.put(
        "/items/5",
        json={
            "importance": 2,
            "item": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.5},
            "user": {"username": "Dave"},
        },
    )
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "item_id": 5,
        "importance": 2,
        "item": {
            "name": "Foo",
            "price": 50.5,

def test_items_5(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put("/items/5", json={"item": {"name": "Foo", "price": 3.0}})
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "item_id": 5,
        "item": {"name": "Foo", "price": 3.0, "description": None, "tax": None},
    }


def test_items_6(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put(
        "/items/6",
        json={
            "item": {

    response = client.put("/items/5", json={"item": {"name": "Foo", "price": 3.0}})
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "item_id": 5,
        "item": {"name": "Foo", "price": 3.0, "description": None, "tax": None},
    }


@needs_py310
def test_items_6(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put(
        "/items/6",
        json={
            "item": {

    response = client.put(
        "/items/5",
        json={
            "importance": 2,
            "item": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.5},
            "user": {"username": "Dave"},
        },
    )
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "item_id": 5,
        "importance": 2,
        "item": {
            "name": "Foo",
            "price": 50.5,

def test_path_operation():
    response = client.get("/items/foo")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"id": "foo", "value": "there goes my hero"}


def test_path_operation_not_found():
    response = client.get("/items/bar")
    assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"message": "Item not found"}


def test_openapi_schema():

                    "message": {
                        "title": "Message",
                        "type": "string"
                    }
                }
            },
            "Item": {
                "title": "Item",
                "required": [
                    "id",
                    "value"
                ],
                "type": "object",
                "properties": {