String moreLines = "(?:.*" + System.lineSeparator() + "?)*";
    String expected =
        firstLine + System.lineSeparator() + secondLine + System.lineSeparator() + moreLines;
    assertThat(getStackTraceAsString(e)).matches(expected);
  }

  public void testGetCausalChain() {
    SomeUncheckedException sue = new SomeUncheckedException();
    IllegalArgumentException iae = new IllegalArgumentException(sue);

 * available online).
 * <p>
 * Direct ACEs are evaluated first in order. The SID of the user performing
 * the operation and the desired access bits are compared to the SID
 * and access mask of each ACE. If the SID matches, the allow/deny flags
 * and access mask are considered. If the ACE is a "deny"
 * ACE and <i>any</i> of the desired access bits match bits in the access
 * mask of the ACE, the whole access check fails. If the ACE is an "allow"

        System.arraycopy(buffer, 8, copiedFileId, 0, 16);
        assertArrayEquals(expectedFileId, copiedFileId);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test wire format structure matches SMB2 specification")
    void testWireFormatStructure() {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[256];
        Arrays.fill(buffer, (byte) 0xCC); // Fill with pattern to detect unwritten areas

        // Decode
        response.decode(buffer, 0, 24);

        // Get the server GUID
        byte[] returnedGuid = response.getServerGuid();

        // Verify it matches original
        assertArrayEquals(originalGuid, returnedGuid, "Returned GUID should match original");

        // Test that the same reference is returned (implementation detail)

 * It also provides methods to add custom features and properties to the {@link DOMParser}.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * The encoding of the HTML document is automatically detected using a regular expression that matches the charset attribute in the meta tag.
 * </p>
 *
 */
public class HtmlXpathExtractor extends AbstractXmlExtractor {
    /**

    private int[] context = new int[4];

    /**
     * Number of bytes processed so far mod. 2 power of 64.
     */
    private long count;

    /**
     * 512 bits input buffer = 16 x 32-bit words holds until reaches 512 bits.
     */
    private byte[] buffer = new byte[BLOCK_LENGTH];

    /**
     * 512 bits work buffer = 16 x 32-bit words
     */
    private final int[] X = new int[16];

    // Constructors

        verify(tree, times(1)).release();
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("release() decrements usage; closes only when count reaches zero")
    void release_decrementsAndClosesOnZero() throws CIFSException {
        when(cfg.isTraceResourceUsage()).thenReturn(false);
        stubValidTree(8L, true, true);

    //                                                                        Small Helper
    //                                                                        ============
    /**
     * Verifies that the CRUD mode matches the expected mode.
     *
     * @param crudMode the actual CRUD mode
     * @param expectedMode the expected CRUD mode
     */
    protected void verifyCrudMode(final int crudMode, final int expectedMode) {

    //                                                                        Small Helper
    //                                                                        ============
    /**
     * Verifies that the CRUD mode matches the expected mode.
     *
     * @param crudMode the actual CRUD mode
     * @param expectedMode the expected CRUD mode
     */
    protected void verifyCrudMode(final int crudMode, final int expectedMode) {

<img src="/img/tutorial/dependencies/image01.png">

## Simple usage { #simple-usage }

If you look at it, *path operation functions* are declared to be used whenever a *path* and *operation* matches, and then **FastAPI** takes care of calling the function with the correct parameters, extracting the data from the request.

Actually, all (or most) of the web frameworks work in this same way.