# Dependencies { #dependencies }

**FastAPI** has a very powerful but intuitive **<abbr title="also known as components, resources, providers, services, injectables">Dependency Injection</abbr>** system.

It is designed to be very simple to use, and to make it very easy for any developer to integrate other components with **FastAPI**.

## What is "Dependency Injection" { #what-is-dependency-injection }

            "name": "Foo",
            "description": "A very nice Item",
            "price": 35.4,
            "tax": 3.2,
            "tags": ["foo", "bar", "foo"],
        },
    )
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "item_id": 123,
        "item": {
            "name": "Foo",
            "description": "A very nice Item",
            "price": 35.4,

    response = client.put(
        "/items/5",
        json={"description": "A very nice Item"},
    )
    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "detail": [
            {
                "loc": ["body", "name"],
                "input": {"description": "A very nice Item"},
                "msg": "Field required",
                "type": "missing",

    response = client.put(
        "/items/5",
        json={"description": "A very nice Item"},
    )
    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "detail": [
            {
                "loc": ["body", "name"],
                "input": {"description": "A very nice Item"},
                "msg": "Field required",
                "type": "missing",

    @Timeout(value = 1, unit = TimeUnit.SECONDS) // Very short timeout
    void testBroadcastTimeout() {
        // Configure for broadcast-only resolution with very short timeout
        when(mockConfig.getResolveOrder()).thenReturn(Arrays.asList(ResolverType.RESOLVER_BCAST));
        when(mockConfig.getNetbiosSoTimeout()).thenReturn(50); // Very short
        when(mockConfig.getNetbiosRetryCount()).thenReturn(1);

from docs_src.query_params.tutorial005_py39 import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_foo_needy_very():
    response = client.get("/items/foo?needy=very")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {"item_id": "foo", "needy": "very"}


def test_foo_no_needy():
    response = client.get("/items/foo")
    assert response.status_code == 422
    assert response.json() == {
        "detail": [

That's what all the systems with "login with Facebook, Google, X (Twitter), GitHub" use underneath.

### OAuth 1 { #oauth-1 }

There was an OAuth 1, which is very different from OAuth2, and more complex, as it included direct specifications on how to encrypt the communication.

It is not very popular or used nowadays.

OAuth2 doesn't specify how to encrypt the communication, it expects you to have your application served with HTTPS.

/// tip

    c = TestClient(mod.app)
    return c


def test_foo_needy_very(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/foo?needy=very")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "item_id": "foo",
        "needy": "very",
        "skip": 0,
        "limit": None,
    }


def test_foo_no_needy(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/foo?skip=a&limit=b")

    return client


def test_post_body_example(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put(
        "/items/5",
        json={
            "name": "Foo",
            "description": "A very nice Item",
            "price": 35.4,
            "tax": 3.2,
        },
    )
    assert response.status_code == 200


def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient) -> None:

    return client


def test_post_body_example(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put(
        "/items/5",
        json={
            "name": "Foo",
            "description": "A very nice Item",
            "price": 35.4,
            "tax": 3.2,
        },
    )
    assert response.status_code == 200


def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")