*     in an {@code int}
   */
  public static char[] concat(char[]... arrays) {
    long length = 0;
    for (char[] array : arrays) {
      length += array.length;
    }
    char[] result = new char[checkNoOverflow(length)];
    int pos = 0;
    for (char[] array : arrays) {
      System.arraycopy(array, 0, result, pos, array.length);
      pos += array.length;
    }
    return result;
  }

   *     in an {@code int}
   */
  public static int[] concat(int[]... arrays) {
    long length = 0;
    for (int[] array : arrays) {
      length += array.length;
    }
    int[] result = new int[checkNoOverflow(length)];
    int pos = 0;
    for (int[] array : arrays) {
      System.arraycopy(array, 0, result, pos, array.length);
      pos += array.length;
    }
    return result;
  }

        Arrays.sort(inputs);

        if (id == 0) {
            // create
            newInputs = inputs;
            newOutput = output;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the array of new input character sequences for update operations.
     * Returns a defensive copy to prevent external modification.
     *

   * @since 23.1
   */
  public static void sort(long[] array, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
    checkNotNull(array);
    checkPositionIndexes(fromIndex, toIndex, array.length);
    for (int i = fromIndex; i < toIndex; i++) {
      array[i] = flip(array[i]);
    }
    Arrays.sort(array, fromIndex, toIndex);
    for (int i = fromIndex; i < toIndex; i++) {
      array[i] = flip(array[i]);
    }
  }

  /**

  }

  private static int[] newTable(int size) {
    int[] array = new int[size];
    Arrays.fill(array, UNSET);
    return array;
  }

  private static long[] newEntries(int size) {
    long[] array = new long[size];
    Arrays.fill(array, UNSET);
    return array;
  }

  private int hashTableMask() {
    return table.length - 1;
  }

   *     in an {@code int}
   */
  public static float[] concat(float[]... arrays) {
    long length = 0;
    for (float[] array : arrays) {
      length += array.length;
    }
    float[] result = new float[checkNoOverflow(length)];
    int pos = 0;
    for (float[] array : arrays) {
      System.arraycopy(array, 0, result, pos, array.length);
      pos += array.length;
    }
    return result;

   *     in an {@code int}
   */
  public static double[] concat(double[]... arrays) {
    long length = 0;
    for (double[] array : arrays) {
      length += array.length;
    }
    double[] result = new double[checkNoOverflow(length)];
    int pos = 0;
    for (double[] array : arrays) {
      System.arraycopy(array, 0, result, pos, array.length);
      pos += array.length;
    }

   *     in an {@code int}
   */
  public static long[] concat(long[]... arrays) {
    long length = 0;
    for (long[] array : arrays) {
      length += array.length;
    }
    long[] result = new long[checkNoOverflow(length)];
    int pos = 0;
    for (long[] array : arrays) {
      System.arraycopy(array, 0, result, pos, array.length);
      pos += array.length;
    }
    return result;
  }

    T[] result = newArray(array, array.length + 1);
    result[0] = element;
    arraycopy(array, 0, result, 1, array.length);
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new array that appends {@code element} to {@code array}.
   *
   * @param array the array of elements to prepend
   * @param element the element to append to the end

    T[] result = newArray(array, array.length + 1);
    result[0] = element;
    arraycopy(array, 0, result, 1, array.length);
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new array that appends {@code element} to {@code array}.
   *
   * @param array the array of elements to prepend
   * @param element the element to append to the end