import types
import typing
import warnings
from collections import deque
from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
from dataclasses import is_dataclass
from typing import (
    Annotated,
    Any,
    TypeGuard,
    TypeVar,
    Union,
    get_args,
    get_origin,
)

from fastapi.types import UnionType
from pydantic import BaseModel
from pydantic.version import VERSION as PYDANTIC_VERSION

* `bytes`

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial005_py310.py hl[1] *}

### `typing` module { #typing-module }

For some additional use cases, you might need to import some things from the standard library `typing` module, for example when you want to declare that something has "any type", you can use `Any` from `typing`:

```python
from typing import Any


def some_function(data: Any):
    print(data)
```

    private static final SecurityAuditLogger auditLogger = SecurityAuditLogger.getInstance();

    /**
     * Performs constant-time comparison of two char arrays to prevent timing attacks.
     * This method always compares the full length of both arrays, regardless of when
     * differences are found, making the execution time independent of the position
     * of differing characters.
     *

package org.apache.maven.api;

import java.time.Clock;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.time.ZoneOffset;

/**
 * A Clock implementation that combines monotonic timing with wall-clock time.
 * <p>
 * This class provides precise time measurements using {@link System#nanoTime()}
 * while maintaining wall-clock time information in UTC. The wall-clock time

    SQLModel, `str` olarak tanımlanan bir şeyin SQL tarafında `TEXT` (veya veritabanına bağlı olarak `VARCHAR`) tipinde bir sütun olacağını bilir.

### Engine Oluşturma { #create-an-engine }

Bir SQLModel `engine`’i (altta aslında bir SQLAlchemy `engine`’idir) veritabanına olan **bağlantıları tutan** yapıdır.

Şu varsayılan yapılandırmaları içerir:

{* ../../fastapi/openapi/docs.py ln[9:24] hl[18:24] *}

`swagger_ui_parameters` argümanında farklı bir değer vererek bunların herhangi birini ezebilirsiniz (override).

Örneğin `deepLinking`'i devre dışı bırakmak için `swagger_ui_parameters`'a şu ayarları geçebilirsiniz:

{* ../../docs_src/configure_swagger_ui/tutorial003_py310.py hl[3] *}

Çalıştırma sırası kabaca aşağıdaki diyagramdaki gibidir. Zaman yukarıdan aşağı akar. Her sütun, etkileşime giren veya kod çalıştıran parçalardan birini temsil eder.

```mermaid
sequenceDiagram

participant client as Client
participant handler as Exception handler
participant dep as Dep with yield
participant operation as Path Operation

Например, вы можете объявить, что значение может быть `str` или `None`:

```python
from typing import Union


def say_hi(name: Union[str, None]):
        print(f"Hi {name}!")
```

В `typing` также есть сокращение, чтобы объявить, что значение может быть `None`, — `Optional`.

import binascii
from base64 import b64decode
from typing import Annotated

from annotated_doc import Doc
from fastapi.exceptions import HTTPException
from fastapi.openapi.models import HTTPBase as HTTPBaseModel
from fastapi.openapi.models import HTTPBearer as HTTPBearerModel
from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase
from fastapi.security.utils import get_authorization_scheme_param
from pydantic import BaseModel
from starlette.requests import Request

Наприклад, ви можете оголосити, що щось може бути `str` або `None`:

```python
from typing import Union


def say_hi(name: Union[str, None]):
        print(f"Hi {name}!")
```

У `typing` також є скорочення, щоб оголосити, що щось може бути `None`, - `Optional`.