You should never save plaintext passwords, so, we'll use the (fake) password hashing system.

If the passwords don't match, we return the same error.

#### Password hashing { #password-hashing }

"Hashing" means: converting some content (a password in this case) into a sequence of bytes (just a string) that looks like gibberish.

   *       the same.
   *   <li>The unreserved characters ".", "-", "~", and "_" remain the same.
   *   <li>The general delimiters "@" and ":" remain the same.
   *   <li>The subdelimiters "!", "$", "&amp;", "'", "(", ")", "*", "+", ",", ";", and "=" remain
   *       the same.
   *   <li>The space character " " is converted into %20.

    @Test
    @DisplayName("MonotonicClock singleton instance should always return the same instance")
    void testSingletonInstance() {
        MonotonicClock clock1 = MonotonicClock.get();
        MonotonicClock clock2 = MonotonicClock.get();

        assertSame(clock1, clock2, "Multiple calls to get() should return the same instance");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("MonotonicClock should always use UTC timezone")

    @DisplayName("Constructor stores and exposes same array reference")
    void constructor_and_get_referenceSemantics() {
        // Arrange
        byte[] data = new byte[] { (byte) 0xDE, (byte) 0xAD, (byte) 0xBE, (byte) 0xEF };

        // Act
        SecurityBlob blob = new SecurityBlob(data);

        // Assert
        assertSame(data, blob.get(), "get() should expose the same array reference passed in");

**FastAPI** provides the same `starlette.responses` as `fastapi.responses` just as a convenience for you, the developer. But most of the available responses come directly from Starlette. The same with `Request`.

///

## Override the default exception handlers { #override-the-default-exception-handlers }

**FastAPI** has some default exception handlers.

///

/// note | Technical Details

You could also use `from starlette.templating import Jinja2Templates`.

**FastAPI** provides the same `starlette.templating` as `fastapi.templating` just as a convenience for you, the developer. But most of the available responses come directly from Starlette. The same with `Request` and `StaticFiles`.

///

## Writing templates { #writing-templates }

    * So, by using FastAPI you are saving development time, bugs, lines of code, and you would probably get the same performance (or better) you would if you didn't use it (as you would have to implement it all in your code).

This will be especially useful when you use it in a **large code base** where you use **the same dependencies** over and over again in **many *path operations***.

## To `async` or not to `async` { #to-async-or-not-to-async }

As dependencies will also be called by **FastAPI** (the same as your *path operation functions*), the same rules apply while defining your functions.

After that, all of the processing logic is the same.

But because of our changes in `GzipRequest.body`, the request body will be automatically decompressed when it is loaded by **FastAPI** when needed.

## Accessing the request body in an exception handler { #accessing-the-request-body-in-an-exception-handler }

/// tip

        // Second call should return cached value (same as first)
        Subject second = auth.getSubject();
        if (first == null && second == null) {
            // Both null - caching is working
            assertNull(second, "Second getSubject should return same result as first (both null)");
        } else if (first != null && second != null) {
            // Both non-null - should be same instance