if rows != 0 {
		t.Fatalf("expected 0 rows affected for association-only update, got %d", rows)
	}

	// Verify both associations were updated using real database queries
	var updatedUser User
	if err := DB.Preload("Pets").Preload("Toys").Where("id = ?", user.ID).First(&updatedUser).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to find updated user: %v", err)
	}

	if len(updatedUser.Pets) != 2 {

<div class="termy">

```console
$ uvicorn main:app --reload

<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Started reloader process [28720]
<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Started server process [28722]
<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Waiting for application startup.

            final String preHeader = "--< ";
            final String postHeader = " >--";

            final int headerLen = preHeader.length() + projectKey.length() + postHeader.length();

            String prefix = chars('-', Math.max(0, (lineLength - headerLen) / 2)) + preHeader;

            String suffix =

		Preload("Toys", func(db *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB {
			return db.Table("toys").Select("name")
		}).Count(&count12).Error; err == nil {
		t.Errorf("error should raise when using preload without schema")
	}

	var count13 int64
	if err := DB.Model(User{}).
		Where("name in ?", []string{user1.Name, user2.Name, user3.Name}).
		Preload("Toys", func(db *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB {

{"index":{"_index":"fess_config.scheduled_job","_id":"reload_config"}}

            final String preHeader = "--< ";
            final String postHeader = " >--";

            final int headerLen = preHeader.length() + projectKey.length() + postHeader.length();

            String prefix = chars('-', Math.max(0, (lineLength - headerLen) / 2)) + preHeader;

            String suffix =

<div class="termy">

```console
$ uvicorn main:app --reload

<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Started reloader process [28720]
<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Started server process [28722]
<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Waiting for application startup.

	AssertEqual(t, nil, err)

	var findUser1 User
	err = DB.Preload("Languages").Where("id = ?", user1.ID).First(&findUser1).Error
	AssertEqual(t, nil, err)
	AssertEqual(t, user1, findUser1)

	var findUser2 User
	err = DB.Preload("Languages").Where("id = ?", user2.ID).First(&findUser2).Error
	AssertEqual(t, nil, err)
	AssertEqual(t, user2, findUser2)
}

	// ErrInvalidValueOfLength invalid values do not match length
	ErrInvalidValueOfLength = errors.New("invalid association values, length doesn't match")
	// ErrPreloadNotAllowed preload is not allowed when count is used
	ErrPreloadNotAllowed = errors.New("preload is not allowed when count is used")
	// ErrDuplicatedKey occurs when there is a unique key constraint violation
	ErrDuplicatedKey = errors.New("duplicated key not allowed")

	browserHSTSIncludeSubdomains = "hsts_include_subdomains"
	// browserHSTSPreload setting name for Strict-Transport-Security response header 'preload' flag (true or false)
	browserHSTSPreload = "hsts_preload"
	// browserReferrerPolicy setting name for Referrer-Policy response header
	browserReferrerPolicy = "referrer_policy"