assertEquals(123, ex.getNtStatus());
    }

    /**
     * Parameterised test covering many error codes.
     * - Error code 0 returns 0 (NT_STATUS_SUCCESS)
     * - Negative values with 0xC0000000 bits set are returned as-is
     * - Positive values not in DOS_ERROR_CODES map to NT_STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL
     */
    @ParameterizedTest
    @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 1, 123, -7 })

    IndexOutOfBoundsException expected =
        assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> checkElementIndex(-1, 1));
    assertThat(expected).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo("index (-1) must not be negative");
  }

  public void testCheckElementIndex_tooHigh() {
    IndexOutOfBoundsException expected =
        assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> checkElementIndex(1, 1));

        assertTrue(result.contains("indexNumber=0"));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test toString with negative index number")
    void testToStringWithNegativeIndexNumber() throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
        // Setup test data with negative value
        byte[] buffer = new byte[8];
        long expectedIndexNumber = -9999999999L;
        SMBUtil.writeInt8(expectedIndexNumber, buffer, 0);

   * #previous()} can retrieve the preceding {@code position} elements.
   *
   * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code position} is negative or is greater than {@code
   *     size}
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code size} is negative
   */
  protected AbstractIndexedListIterator(int size, int position) {
    checkPositionIndex(position, size);
    this.size = size;
    this.position = position;

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("writeUShort handles negative values as unsigned")
    void testWriteUShortNegative() {
        byte[] dest = new byte[2];
        NtlmMessage.writeUShort(dest, 0, -2);
        assertArrayEquals(new byte[] { -2, -1 }, dest, "Negative short should be encoded unsigned");
    }

    @Test

        // Test case 2: Negative value
        int negativeValue = -54321;
        NdrLong ndrLongNegative = new NdrLong(negativeValue);
        assertEquals(negativeValue, ndrLongNegative.value, "Constructor should correctly initialize with a negative value.");

        // Test case 3: Zero value
        int zeroValue = 0;

        // Test with max int value (unsigned interpretation)
        buffer.putInt(0, 0xFFFFFFFF);
        assertEquals(0xFFFFFFFF, NtlmMessage.readULong(data, 0), "Should read max ULong correctly.");

        // Test with a negative int (should be interpreted as unsigned positive)
        buffer.putInt(0, -1); // -1 is 0xFFFFFFFF
        assertEquals(0xFFFFFFFF, NtlmMessage.readULong(data, 0), "Should interpret -1 as unsigned max ULong.");
    }

        @DisplayName("Should create instance with various offset values")
        @CsvSource({ "0, 0, 1024", "1024, 2048, 4096", "9223372036854775807, 9223372036854775807, 2147483647", // Max long values
                "-1, -1, -1", // Negative values (should still create instance)
                "0, 9223372036854775807, 0" // Edge cases
        })
        void testConstructorWithVariousValues(long sourceOffset, long targetOffset, int length) {
            // When

        for (byte value : fromCache) {
            assertEquals(0, value);
        }
    }

    // Invalid inputs: negative sizes for constructor arguments
    @Nested
    class InvalidConstruction {
        @Test
        @DisplayName("Negative maxBuffers throws immediately in constructor")
        void negativeMaxBuffersThrows() {

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Codes: all non-negative and unique")
    void codes_are_non_negative_and_unique() {
        // Edge checks: ensure there are no negative or duplicate codes
        Set<Integer> seen = new HashSet<>();
        for (int c : WinError.WINERR_CODES) {
            assertTrue(c >= 0, "Code should be non-negative: " + c);
            assertTrue(seen.add(c), "Duplicate code detected: " + c);