*/
  @Throws(IOException::class)
  fun authenticate(
    route: Route?,
    response: Response,
  ): Request?

  companion object {
    /** An authenticator that knows no credentials and makes no attempt to authenticate. */
    @JvmField
    val NONE: Authenticator = AuthenticatorNone()

    private class AuthenticatorNone : Authenticator {
      override fun authenticate(
        route: Route?,

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### Retrieving Container ID

To use Docker commands on a specific container, you need to know the `Container ID` for that container. To get the `Container ID`, run

```sh
docker ps -a
```

`-a` flag makes sure you get all the containers (Created, Running, Exited). Then identify the `Container ID` from the output.

### Starting and Stopping Containers

        assertTrue(h.isValid());

        // Tree id change makes it invalid
        when(tree.getTreeId()).thenReturn(11L);
        assertFalse(h.isValid());

        // Connected=false makes it invalid
        when(tree.getTreeId()).thenReturn(10L);
        when(tree.isConnected()).thenReturn(false);
        assertFalse(h.isValid());

        // Mark closed makes it invalid
        when(tree.isConnected()).thenReturn(true);

  sufficient copyright rights in its Contribution, if any, to grant
  the copyright license set forth in this Agreement.

  e) Notwithstanding the terms of any Secondary License, no
  Contributor makes additional grants to any Recipient (other than
  those set forth in this Agreement) as a result of such Recipient's
  receipt of the Program under the terms of a Secondary License
  (if permitted under the terms of Section 3).

	return err
}

// NewTierConfigMgr - creates new tier configuration manager,
func NewTierConfigMgr() *TierConfigMgr {
	return &TierConfigMgr{
		drivercache: make(map[string]WarmBackend),
		Tiers:       make(map[string]madmin.TierConfig),
	}
}

func (config *TierConfigMgr) refreshTierConfig(ctx context.Context, objAPI ObjectLayer) {
	const tierCfgRefresh = 15 * time.Minute

> Modern versions of Python have support for **"asynchronous code"** using something called **"coroutines"**, with **`async` and `await`** syntax.

That should make more sense now. ✨

All that is what powers FastAPI (through Starlette) and what makes it have such an impressive performance.

## Very Technical Details { #very-technical-details }

/// warning

You can probably skip this.

/// note

Having a default value of any type, including `None`, makes the parameter optional (not required).

///

## Required parameters { #required-parameters }

When we don't need to declare more validations or metadata, we can make the `q` query parameter required just by not declaring a default value, like:

```Python
q: str
```

instead of:

You will see examples of this in the next chapters, about relational and NoSQL databases, security, etc.

## **FastAPI** compatibility { #fastapi-compatibility }

The simplicity of the dependency injection system makes **FastAPI** compatible with:

* all the relational databases
* NoSQL databases
* external packages
* external APIs
* authentication and authorization systems
* API usage monitoring systems

      super.processRemaining(bb);
      int after = processCalled;
      assertEquals(before + 1, after); // default implementation pads and calls process()
      processCalled--; // don't count the tail invocation (makes tests a bit more understandable)
    }

    // ensures that the number of invocations looks sane
    void assertInvariants(int expectedBytes) {