}

  protected void initMapWithNullKey() {
    resetMap(createArrayWithNullKey());
  }

  protected void initMapWithNullValue() {
    resetMap(createArrayWithNullValue());
  }

  /**
   * Equivalent to {@link #expectMissingKeys(Object[]) expectMissingKeys} {@code (null)} except that
   * the call to {@code contains(null)} is permitted to throw a {@code NullPointerException}.
   *

       * TODO(cpovirk): consider no longer running these equivalent() tests on every Equivalence,
       * since the Equivalence base type now implements this logic itself
       */
      assertTrue(item + " must be inequivalent to null", !equivalence.equivalent(item, null));
      assertTrue("null must be inequivalent to " + item, !equivalence.equivalent(null, item));
      assertTrue(item + " must be equivalent to itself", equivalence.equivalent(item, item));

       * TODO(cpovirk): consider no longer running these equivalent() tests on every Equivalence,
       * since the Equivalence base type now implements this logic itself
       */
      assertTrue(item + " must be inequivalent to null", !equivalence.equivalent(item, null));
      assertTrue("null must be inequivalent to " + item, !equivalence.equivalent(null, item));
      assertTrue(item + " must be equivalent to itself", equivalence.equivalent(item, item));

    return array;
  }

  protected void initCollectionWithNullElement() {
    E[] array = createArrayWithNullElement();
    resetContainer(getSubjectGenerator().create(array));
  }

  /**
   * Equivalent to {@link #expectMissing(Object[]) expectMissing}{@code (null)} except that the call
   * to {@code contains(null)} is permitted to throw a {@code NullPointerException}.
   *

  /**
   * Returns an encoding that behaves equivalently to this encoding, but omits any padding
   * characters as specified by <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648#section-3.2">RFC 4648
   * section 3.2</a>, Padding of Encoded Data.
   */
  public abstract BaseEncoding omitPadding();

  /**
   * Returns an encoding that behaves equivalently to this encoding, but uses an alternate character
   * for padding.

        NdrSmall ndrSmall = new NdrSmall(-1); // -1 & 0xFF = 255
        assertEquals(255, ndrSmall.value, "Negative value should be masked to its unsigned byte equivalent.");
    }

    @Test
    void testConstructor_overflowValue() {
        // Test with a value exceeding byte range, expecting it to be masked
        NdrSmall ndrSmall = new NdrSmall(256); // 256 & 0xFF = 0

   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@link Stream#count}.
   */
  public final int size() {
    return Iterables.size(getDelegate());
  }

  /**
   * Returns {@code true} if this fluent iterable contains any object for which {@code
   * equals(target)} is true.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code stream.anyMatch(Predicate.isEqual(target))}.
   */

   * perform better than its longhand equivalent, but should not perform worse.
   *
   * @since 12.0
   */
  HashCode hashInt(int input);

  /**
   * Shortcut for {@code newHasher().putLong(input).hash()}; returns the hash code for the given
   * {@code long} value, interpreted in little-endian byte order. The implementation <i>might</i>
   * perform better than its longhand equivalent, but should not perform worse.
   */

   * perform better than its longhand equivalent, but should not perform worse.
   *
   * @since 12.0
   */
  HashCode hashInt(int input);

  /**
   * Shortcut for {@code newHasher().putLong(input).hash()}; returns the hash code for the given
   * {@code long} value, interpreted in little-endian byte order. The implementation <i>might</i>
   * perform better than its longhand equivalent, but should not perform worse.
   */

  /**
   * Determines if the given iterable contains no elements.
   *
   * <p>There is no precise {@link Iterator} equivalent to this method, since one can only ask an
   * iterator whether it has any elements <i>remaining</i> (which one does using {@link
   * Iterator#hasNext}).
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code !stream.findAny().isPresent()}
   *
   * @return {@code true} if the iterable contains no elements