// Encode to buffer
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        NdrBuffer encodeBuffer = new NdrBuffer(buffer, 0);
        domainInfo.encode(encodeBuffer);

        // Decode from buffer
        NdrBuffer decodeBuffer = new NdrBuffer(buffer, 0);
        lsarpc.LsarDomainInfo decodedInfo = new lsarpc.LsarDomainInfo();
        decodedInfo.decode(decodeBuffer);

    }

    @ParameterizedTest(name = "decode({1}) -> {2}")
    @MethodSource("decodeProvider")
    void testDecode(String encoded, byte[] expected) {
        // Act
        byte[] actual = Base64.decode(encoded);
        // Assert
        assertArrayEquals(expected, actual, "Base64.decode should return original bytes");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("encode should throw NPE on null input")
    void testEncodeNull() {

        return str.getBytes(encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Encodes a string into UTF-16LE (Unicode Little Endian) bytes.
     *
     * @param str the string to encode
     * @return the string as bytes (UTF16-LE)
     */
    public static byte[] getUNIBytes(final String str) {
        return getBytes(str, UNI_ENCODING);
    }

    /**
     * Encodes a string into ASCII bytes.
     *
     * @param str the string to encode

            byte[] largeBuffer = new byte[1000];

            // Act
            int smallEncodedSize = context.encode(smallBuffer, 0);
            int largeEncodedSize = context.encode(largeBuffer, 500);

            // Assert
            // encode() returns actual bytes written (6), not size() value (8)
            assertEquals(6, smallEncodedSize); // actual: 2 bytes count + 2*2 bytes for ciphers

        // Decode to new instance (decode reads 36 bytes, encode writes 40)
        FileBasicInfo decoded = new FileBasicInfo();
        int decodedBytes = decoded.decode(buffer, 0, 36);

        // Verify encoding/decoding
        assertEquals(40, encodedBytes); // encode writes 40 bytes (includes padding)
        assertEquals(36, decodedBytes); // decode reads 36 bytes (no padding)

        // The actual implementation reassigns _dst = _dst.deferred inside encode(), so we can't verify the exact buffer
        verify(objAttr.root_directory).encode(any(NdrBuffer.class));
        verify(objAttr.object_name).encode(any(NdrBuffer.class));
        verify(objAttr.security_quality_of_service).encode(any(NdrBuffer.class));
    }

    @Test

            byte[] buffer = new byte[EXPECTED_SIZE * 3];

            // When
            int offset1 = chunk1.encode(buffer, 0);
            int offset2 = chunk2.encode(buffer, offset1);
            int offset3 = chunk3.encode(buffer, offset1 + offset2);

            // Then
            assertEquals(EXPECTED_SIZE, offset1);
            assertEquals(EXPECTED_SIZE, offset2);

        firstInstance.decode(originalBuffer, 0, originalBuffer.length);

        // Encode from first instance
        byte[] encodedBuffer = new byte[8];
        firstInstance.encode(encodedBuffer, 0);

        // Decode into second instance
        FileInternalInfo secondInstance = new FileInternalInfo();
        secondInstance.decode(encodedBuffer, 0, encodedBuffer.length);

            // When: Encoding array
            array.encode(mockNdrBuffer);

            // Then: Should encode structure
            verify(mockNdrBuffer).align(4);
            verify(mockNdrBuffer).enc_ndr_long(1);
            verify(mockNdrBuffer).enc_ndr_referent(array.entries, 1);
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should encode array with null entries")

            // When: Encoding array
            array.encode(mockNdrBuffer);

            // Then: Should encode structure
            verify(mockNdrBuffer).align(4);
            verify(mockNdrBuffer).enc_ndr_long(1);
            verify(mockNdrBuffer).enc_ndr_referent(array.entries, 1);
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should encode array with null entries")