return Arrays.copyOf(empty, length);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new array that contains the concatenated contents of two arrays.
   *
   * @param first the first array of elements to concatenate
   * @param second the second array of elements to concatenate
   * @param type the component type of the returned array
   */
  @GwtIncompatible // Array.newInstance(Class, int)

     * </p>
     *
     * @param <T>
     *            the type of the array elements
     * @param a
     *            first array
     * @param b
     *            second array
     * @return the concatenated result array
     */
    public static <T> T[] addAll(final T[] a, final T[] b) {
        if (a == null) {
            return b;
        }
        if (b == null) {
            return a;
        }

     * Uses the request locale if available, otherwise defaults to English.
     *
     * @param validationMessagesLambda lambda function that adds validation messages
     * @return concatenated string of localized validation messages separated by spaces
     */
    protected String getMessage(final VaMessenger<FessMessages> validationMessagesLambda) {
        final FessMessages messages = new FessMessages();

    CharSource concatenated = CharSource.concat(cycle);

    String expected = "abcdabcd";

    // read the first 8 chars manually, since there's no equivalent to ByteSource.slice
    // TODO(cgdecker): Add CharSource.slice?
    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
    Reader reader = concatenated.openStream(); // no need to worry about closing

 * }
 *
 * <p>If you wish to avoid this, you should either prepend or append the size of each chunk. Keep in
 * mind that when dealing with char sequences, the encoded form of two concatenated char sequences
 * is not equivalent to the concatenation of their encoded form. Therefore, {@link
 * #putString(CharSequence, Charset)} should only be used consistently with <i>complete</i>
 * sequences and not broken into chunks.

new files. **Do not add RELNOTE=yes comments in CLs.** Instead, add a file to
the CL (or ask the author to do so).

At the end of the development cycle, the files will be merged by being
concatenated in sorted order by pathname. Files in the directory matching the
glob "*stdlib/*minor" are treated specially. They should be in subdirectories
corresponding to standard library package paths, and headings for those package

    ByteSource source = ByteSource.wrap(new byte[] {0, 1, 2, 3});
    Iterable<ByteSource> cycle = Iterables.cycle(ImmutableList.of(source));
    ByteSource concatenated = ByteSource.concat(cycle);

    byte[] expected = {0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3};
    assertArrayEquals(expected, concatenated.slice(0, 8).read());
  }

  private static final ByteSource BROKEN_CLOSE_SOURCE =
      new TestByteSource(new byte[10], CLOSE_THROWS);

                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns all buffered lines as a single string, separated by newlines.
     *
     * @return the concatenated output of all buffered lines
     */
    public String getOutput() {
        final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(100);
        for (final String value : list) {
            buf.append(value).append("\n");

    ByteSource source = ByteSource.wrap(new byte[] {0, 1, 2, 3});
    Iterable<ByteSource> cycle = Iterables.cycle(ImmutableList.of(source));
    ByteSource concatenated = ByteSource.concat(cycle);

    byte[] expected = {0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3};
    assertArrayEquals(expected, concatenated.slice(0, 8).read());
  }

  private static final ByteSource BROKEN_CLOSE_SOURCE =
      new TestByteSource(new byte[10], CLOSE_THROWS);

import java.math.BigInteger
import okio.Buffer
import okio.BufferedSink
import okio.ByteString

internal class DerWriter(
  sink: BufferedSink,
) {
  /** A stack of buffers that will be concatenated once we know the length of each. */
  private val stack = mutableListOf(sink)

  /** Type hints scoped to the call stack, manipulated with [pushTypeHint] and [popTypeHint]. */