///

## 实现的操作

FastAPI 校验请求中的 `Authorization` 请求头，核对请求头的值是不是由 `Bearer ` ＋ 令牌组成， 并返回令牌字符串（`str`）。

如果没有找到 `Authorization` 请求头，或请求头的值不是 `Bearer ` ＋ 令牌。FastAPI 直接返回 401 错误状态码（`UNAUTHORIZED`）。

开发者不需要检查错误信息，查看令牌是否存在，只要该函数能够执行，函数中就会包含令牌字符串。

正如下图所示，API 文档已经包含了这项功能：

<img src="/img/tutorial/security/image03.png">

目前，暂时还没有实现验证令牌是否有效的功能，不过后文很快就会介绍的。

## 小结

因此，在端点中，只有当用户存在、通过身份验证、且状态为激活时，才能获得该用户：

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py hl[58:67,69:72,90] *}

/// info | 说明

此处返回值为 `Bearer` 的响应头 `WWW-Authenticate` 也是规范的一部分。

任何 401**UNAUTHORIZED**HTTP（错误）状态码都应返回 `WWW-Authenticate` 响应头。

本例中，因为使用的是 Bearer Token，该响应头的值应为 `Bearer`。

实际上，忽略这个附加响应头，也不会有什么问题。

之所以在此提供这个附加响应头，是为了符合规范的要求。

说不定什么时候，就有工具用得上它，而且，开发者或用户也可能用得上。

这就是遵循标准的好处……

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py hl[58:66,69:72,90] *}

/// info | 정보

여기서 반환하는 값이 `Bearer`인 추가 헤더 `WWW-Authenticate`도 사양의 일부입니다.

모든 HTTP(오류) 상태 코드 401 "UNAUTHORIZED"는 `WWW-Authenticate` 헤더도 반환해야 합니다.

베어러 토큰의 경우(지금의 경우) 해당 헤더의 값은 `Bearer`여야 합니다.

실제로 추가 헤더를 건너뛸 수 있으며 여전히 작동합니다.

그러나 여기에서는 사양을 준수하도록 제공됩니다.

use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo
of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including,
without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications
to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements,
understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For
the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the

   *
   * The network response's status code is most influential when deciding how to follow up:
   *
   *  * For redirects (301: Moved Permanently, 302: Temporary Redirect, etc.)
   *  * For auth challenges (401: Unauthorized, 407: Proxy Authentication Required.)
   *  * For client timeouts (408: Request Time-Out.)
   *  * For server failures (503: Service Unavailable.)
   *

///

## どのように動作するか

リクエストの中に`Authorization`ヘッダーを探しに行き、その値が`Bearer`と何らかのトークンを含んでいるかどうかをチェックし、そのトークンを`str`として返します。

もし`Authorization`ヘッダーが見つからなかったり、値が`Bearer`トークンを持っていなかったりすると、401 ステータスコードエラー (`UNAUTHORIZED`) で直接応答します。

トークンが存在するかどうかをチェックしてエラーを返す必要はありません。関数が実行された場合、そのトークンに`str`が含まれているか確認できます。

インタラクティブなドキュメントですでに試すことができます:

<img src="/img/tutorial/security/image03.png">

  If you do not, you risk allowing unauthorized users to access your apiserver.
  * You *MUST* set `--anonymous-auth=false` flag on your federation apiserver unless you are a developer testing this feature and understand it.
    If you do not, you risk allowing unauthorized users to access your federation apiserver.

**Affected Versions**:
  - kube-apiserver v1.32.0 - v1.32.5
  - kube-apiserver v1.33.0 - v1.33.1

**Fixed Versions**:

This release contains changes that address the following vulnerabilities:

### CVE-2022-3162: Unauthorized read of Custom Resources

A security issue was discovered in Kubernetes where users authorized to list or watch one type of namespaced custom resource cluster-wide can read custom resources of a different type in the same API group they are not authorized to read.

**Affected Versions**:
  - kube-apiserver v1.25.0 - v1.25.3

This release contains changes that address the following vulnerabilities:

### CVE-2022-3162: Unauthorized read of Custom Resources

A security issue was discovered in Kubernetes where users authorized to list or watch one type of namespaced custom resource cluster-wide can read custom resources of a different type in the same API group they are not authorized to read.

**Affected Versions**:
  - kube-apiserver v1.25.0 - v1.25.3