}

  public void testMapping_infiniteX1() {
    assertThrows(
        IllegalArgumentException.class,
        () -> LinearTransformation.mapping(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, 3.4));
  }

  public void testMapping_infiniteY1() {
    assertThrows(
        IllegalArgumentException.class,
        () -> LinearTransformation.mapping(1.2, Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY));
  }

  public void testCheckArgument_nullMessage_failure() {
    IllegalArgumentException expected =
        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> checkArgument(false, null));
    assertThat(expected).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo("null");
  }

  public void testCheckArgument_nullMessageWithArgs_failure() {
    IllegalArgumentException e =
        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> checkArgument(false, null, "b", "d"));

  public void testCheckArgument_nullMessage_failure() {
    IllegalArgumentException expected =
        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> checkArgument(false, null));
    assertThat(expected).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo("null");
  }

  public void testCheckArgument_nullMessageWithArgs_failure() {
    IllegalArgumentException e =
        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> checkArgument(false, null, "b", "d"));

        assertEquals(complexMessageCode, exception.getMessageCode());
    }

    public void test_causeChainPropagation() {
        // Setup - create a chain of exceptions
        final IllegalArgumentException rootCause = new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid character in query");
        final IllegalStateException middleCause = new IllegalStateException("Query parser state error", rootCause);
        final String message = "Query processing failed";

        if (masterPassword == null || masterPassword.length == 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Master password cannot be null or empty");
        }
        if (salt == null || salt.length != SALT_SIZE) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid salt");
        }

        this.salt = salt.clone();
        this.masterKey = deriveKey(masterPassword, this.salt);

    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> parse("weakValues=true"));
  }

  public void testParse_repeatedValueStrength() {
    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> parse("softValues, softValues"));

    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> parse("softValues, weakValues"));

    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> parse("weakValues, softValues"));

  @Test fun ofRejectsNullChar() {
    assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
      headersOf("User-Agent", "Square\u0000OkHttp")
    }
  }

  @Test fun ofMapThrowsOnEmptyName() {
    assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
      mapOf("" to "OkHttp").toHeaders()
    }
  }

  @Test fun ofMapThrowsOnBlankName() {
    assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
      mapOf(" " to "OkHttp").toHeaders()
    }
  }

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Null options cause IllegalArgumentException when retrieving entries (JAAS requires non-null options)")
    void nullOptions_throwOnAccess() {
        // Arrange
        StaticJAASConfiguration cfg = new StaticJAASConfiguration(null);

        // Act + Assert
        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> cfg.getAppConfigurationEntry("any"),

    assume().that(graphIsMutable()).isTrue();

    addEdge(N1, N2, E12);
    IllegalArgumentException e =
        assertThrows(
            IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> networkAsMutableNetwork.addEdge(N4, N5, E12));
    assertThat(e).hasMessageThat().contains(ERROR_REUSE_EDGE);
    e = assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> addEdge(N2, N1, E12));
    assertThat(e).hasMessageThat().contains(ERROR_REUSE_EDGE);

    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> parse("weakValues=true"));
  }

  public void testParse_repeatedValueStrength() {
    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> parse("softValues, softValues"));

    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> parse("softValues, weakValues"));

    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> parse("weakValues, softValues"));