- `AtomicLong` for counters (`CrawlerContext.accessCount`)
- `volatile` for status flags
- Synchronized blocks for critical sections
- Thread-local storage via `CrawlingParameterUtil`

**Resource Management**:
- `AutoCloseable` throughout
- `DeferredFileOutputStream` for large responses (temp files for >1MB)
- Connection pooling with limits
- Background temp file deletion via `FileUtil.deleteInBackground()`

**Fault Tolerance**:

    class InterfaceContractTests {

        @Test
        @DisplayName("SmbResource should extend AutoCloseable")
        void testInterfaceInheritance() {
            // Then
            assertTrue(AutoCloseable.class.isAssignableFrom(SmbResource.class), "SmbResource should extend AutoCloseable");
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("SmbResource should have all required methods")

        final SmbResource n = this.next;
        this.next = advance();
        return n;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * @throws CIFSException
     *
     * @see java.lang.AutoCloseable#close()
     */
    @Override
    public void close() throws CIFSException {
        this.delegate.close();
    }

    @Override
    public void remove() {
        this.delegate.remove();

        assertTrue(emptyIterator instanceof Iterator, "Should implement Iterator");
        assertTrue(emptyIterator instanceof AutoCloseable, "Should implement AutoCloseable");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("hasNext should always return false")
    void testHasNextAlwaysReturnsFalse() {
        // When & Then

 * RDMA operations. The memory region contains a buffer, access
 * permissions, and keys for local and remote access.
 */
public abstract class RdmaMemoryRegion implements AutoCloseable {

    /** Memory buffer for RDMA operations */
    protected final ByteBuffer buffer;
    /** Access permissions for this memory region */
    protected final EnumSet<RdmaAccess> accessFlags;

 * This class represents an open handle to a SAM server and provides
 * high-level access to SAM database operations.
 */
public class SamrPolicyHandle extends rpc.policy_handle implements AutoCloseable {

    private final DcerpcHandle handle;
    private boolean opened;

    /**
     * Creates a new SAM policy handle.
     *
     * @param handle the DCE/RPC handle for communication

import jcifs.smb.SmbException;

/**
 * File access that exposes random access semantics
 *
 * @author mbechler
 *
 */
public interface SmbRandomAccess extends DataOutput, DataInput, AutoCloseable {

    /**
     * Close the file
     *
     * @throws SmbException if an I/O error occurs during close
     */
    @Override
    void close() throws SmbException;

    /**

        session.acquire();

        // Should handle exceptions gracefully
        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> session.release());
    }

    /**
     * Test AutoCloseable pattern
     */
    @Test
    @Timeout(5)
    public void testAutoCloseablePattern() throws Exception {
        SmbSessionImpl session = new SmbSessionImpl(mockContext, "testhost", "testdomain", mockTransport);

import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Interface for cloud storage operations.
 * Implementations provide access to S3-compatible storage, GCS, or other cloud storage systems.
 */
public interface StorageClient extends AutoCloseable {

    /**
     * Uploads an object to storage.
     *
     * @param objectName the name/path for the object
     * @param inputStream the input stream of data to upload

    /**
     * Close the tree connection (implements AutoCloseable)
     *
     * This method provides a standard way to close resources using try-with-resources.
     * It delegates to the release() method to properly clean up the connection.
     */
    @Override
    public void close() {
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug("Closing SmbTreeConnection via AutoCloseable.close()");
        }
        release();