/// check | "확인"

**FastAPI**는 `item_id`가 경로 매개변수이고 `q`는 경로 매개변수가 아닌 쿼리 매개변수라는 것을 알 정도로 충분히 똑똑합니다.

///

/// note | "참고"

FastAPI는 `q`가 `= None`이므로 선택적이라는 것을 인지합니다.

`Union[str, None]`에 있는 `Union`은 FastAPI(FastAPI는 `str` 부분만 사용합니다)가 사용하는게 아니지만, `Union[str, None]`은 편집기에게 코드에서 오류를 찾아낼 수 있게 도와줍니다.

///

## 쿼리 매개변수 형변환

`bool` 형으로 선언할 수도 있고, 아래처럼 변환됩니다:

```Python hl_lines="9"
{!../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial003.py!}

### Создание

* Создайте файл `main.py` со следующим содержимым:

```Python
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```

<details markdown="1">

### Erstellung

* Erstellen Sie eine Datei `main.py` mit:

```Python
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```

<details markdown="1">

## Приклад

### Створіть

* Створіть файл `main.py` з:

```Python
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```

<details markdown="1">

    response: Response
    dependency_cache: Dict[Tuple[Callable[..., Any], Tuple[str]], Any]


async def solve_dependencies(
    *,
    request: Union[Request, WebSocket],
    dependant: Dependant,
    body: Optional[Union[Dict[str, Any], FormData]] = None,
    background_tasks: Optional[StarletteBackgroundTasks] = None,
    response: Optional[Response] = None,

        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
        response_description: str = "Successful Response",
        responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
        deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,

    async def lifespan(
        app: FastAPI,
    ) -> AsyncGenerator[Dict[str, Union[str, bool]], None]:
        yield {
            "app_specific": True,
            "overridden": "app",
        }

    @asynccontextmanager
    async def router_lifespan(
        app: FastAPI,
    ) -> AsyncGenerator[Dict[str, Union[str, bool]], None]:
        yield {
            "router_specific": True,

	rules := make(Rules)
	rules.Add(pattern, targetID)

	for _, eventName := range eventNames {
		for _, name := range eventName.Expand() {
			rulesMap[name] = rulesMap[name].Union(rules)
		}
	}
}

// Clone - returns copy of this rules map.
func (rulesMap RulesMap) Clone() RulesMap {
	rulesMapCopy := make(RulesMap)

	for eventName, rules := range rulesMap {

* `main.py` adlı fayl yaradaq və ona aşağıdakı kodu yerləşdirək:

```Python
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```

<details markdown="1">

import static com.google.common.collect.Multisets.difference;
import static com.google.common.collect.Multisets.intersection;
import static com.google.common.collect.Multisets.sum;
import static com.google.common.collect.Multisets.union;
import static com.google.common.collect.Multisets.unmodifiableMultiset;
import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static java.util.Collections.sort;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;