# 基准测试

第三方机构 TechEmpower 的基准测试表明在 Uvicorn 下运行的 **FastAPI** 应用程序是 <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=7464e520-0dc2-473d-bd34-dbdfd7e85911&hw=ph&test=query&l=zijzen-7" class="external-link" target="_blank">可用的最快的 Python 框架之一</a>，仅次于 Starlette 和 Uvicorn 本身 (由 FastAPI 内部使用）。(*)

但是在查看基准得分和对比时，请注意以下几点。

## 基准测试和速度

当你查看基准测试时，几个不同类型的工具被等效地做比较是很常见的情况。

具体来说，是将 Uvicorn，Starlette 和 FastAPI 一起比较（在许多其它工具中）。

* `skip`, an `int` with a default value of `0`.
* `limit`, an optional `int`.

/// tip

You could also use `Enum`s the same way as with [Path Parameters](path-params.md#predefined-values){.internal-link target=_blank}.

import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**
 * Unit test for {@link Doubles}.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 */
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
@GwtCompatible(emulated = true)
public class DoublesTest extends TestCase {
  private static final double[] EMPTY = {};

import java.util.SortedSet;
import junit.framework.Test;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import junit.framework.TestSuite;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**
 * Unit test for {@link TreeMultiset}.
 *
 * @author Neal Kanodia
 */
@GwtCompatible(emulated = true)
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public class TreeMultisetTest extends TestCase {

  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // suite

import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import junit.framework.AssertionFailedError;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**
 * Tests for {@link ForwardingWrapperTester}. Live in a different package to detect reflection
 * access issues, if any.
 *
 * @author Ben Yu
 */
public class ForwardingWrapperTesterTest extends TestCase {

import com.google.common.testing.SerializableTester;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * Unit test for {@link UnsignedBytes}.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
public class UnsignedBytesTest extends TestCase {
  private static final byte LEAST = 0;
  private static final byte GREATEST = (byte) 255;

import java.lang.reflect.WildcardType;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * Tests for {@link Types}.
 *
 * @author Ben Yu
 */
@AndroidIncompatible // lots of failures, possibly some related to bad equals() implementations?
public class TypesTest extends TestCase {

/**
 * Helper classes for various benchmarks.
 *
 * @author Christopher Swenson
 */
final class BenchmarkHelpers {
  /** So far, this is the best way to test various implementations of {@link Set} subclasses. */
  public interface CollectionsImplEnum {
    <E extends Comparable<E>> Collection<E> create(Collection<E> contents);

    String name();
  }

  public interface MapsImplEnum {

import java.lang.reflect.WildcardType;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * Tests for {@link Types}.
 *
 * @author Ben Yu
 */
@AndroidIncompatible // lots of failures, possibly some related to bad equals() implementations?
public class TypesTest extends TestCase {

            <type>ActivationFile</type>
          </association>
        </field>
      </fields>
    </class>

    <!-- TODO: reproduced from maven-model/maven.mdo, instead should inherit code and link to external docs -->
    <class>
      <name>RepositoryBase</name>
      <version>1.0.0</version>
      <description><![CDATA[
         Repository contains the information needed