// exponent == floor(log2(abs(x)))
    if (exponent < Long.SIZE - 1) {
      return x.longValue();
    } else if (exponent > MAX_EXPONENT) {
      return x.signum() * POSITIVE_INFINITY;
    }

    /*
     * We need the top SIGNIFICAND_BITS + 1 bits, including the "implicit" one bit. To make rounding
     * easier, we pick out the top SIGNIFICAND_BITS + 2 bits, so we have one to help us round up or

This works the same way as with Pydantic models. And it is actually achieved in the same way underneath, using Pydantic.

/// info

Keep in mind that dataclasses can't do everything Pydantic models can do.

So, you might still need to use Pydantic models.

But if you have a bunch of dataclasses laying around, this is a nice trick to use them to power a web API using FastAPI. 🤓

///

Nevertheless, you still enforce those scopes, or any other security/authorization requirement, however you need, in your code.

In many cases, OAuth2 with scopes can be an overkill.

But if you know you need it, or you are curious, keep reading.

///

## OAuth2 scopes and OpenAPI { #oauth2-scopes-and-openapi }

    uniqueEntries.addAll(ms.entrySet());
    assertEquals(3, uniqueEntries.size());
  }

  // Wrapper of EnumMultiset factory methods, because we need to skip create(Class).
  // create(Enum1.class) is equal to create(Enum2.class) but testEquals() expects otherwise.
  // For the same reason, we need to skip create(Iterable, Class).
  private static class EnumMultisetFactory {
    @Keep // used reflectively by testEquals

    // exponent == floor(log2(abs(x)))
    if (exponent < Long.SIZE - 1) {
      return x.longValue();
    } else if (exponent > MAX_EXPONENT) {
      return x.signum() * POSITIVE_INFINITY;
    }

    /*
     * We need the top SIGNIFICAND_BITS + 1 bits, including the "implicit" one bit. To make rounding
     * easier, we pick out the top SIGNIFICAND_BITS + 2 bits, so we have one to help us round up or

interpreted by R8 automatically.

If you, however, don't use R8 you have to apply the rules from [this file][okhttp3_pro]. You might
also need rules from [Okio][okio] which is a dependency of this library.

 [okhttp3_pro]: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/square/okhttp/master/okhttp/okhttp3.pro

United States and other governments.  
It is your responsibility to ensure that your use and/or transfer does not
violate applicable laws. 

For more information, please see http://www.bis.doc.gov

  -e "MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD=wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY" \
  quay.io/minio/minio server /data --console-address ":9001"
```

To create a MinIO container with persistent storage, you need to map local persistent directories from the host OS to virtual config. To do this, run the below commands

### GNU/Linux and macOS

```sh
mkdir -p ~/minio/data

docker run \
  -p 9000:9000 \
  -p 9001:9001 \

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;

/**
 * Computes or retrieves values, based on a key, for use in populating a {@link LoadingCache}.
 *
 * <p>Most implementations will only need to implement {@link #load}. Other methods may be
 * overridden as desired.
 *
 * <p>Usage example:
 *
 * {@snippet :
 * CacheLoader<Key, Graph> loader = new CacheLoader<Key, Graph>() {

# Testing Events: lifespan and startup - shutdown { #testing-events-lifespan-and-startup-shutdown }

When you need `lifespan` to run in your tests, you can use the `TestClient` with a `with` statement:

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial004.py hl[9:15,18,27:28,30:32,41:43] *}


You can read more details about the ["Running lifespan in tests in the official Starlette documentation site."](https://www.starlette.io/lifespan/#running-lifespan-in-tests)