# Path Parameters and Numeric Validations

In the same way that you can declare more validations and metadata for query parameters with `Query`, you can declare the same type of validations and metadata for path parameters with `Path`.

## Import Path

First, import `Path` from `fastapi`, and import `Annotated`:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="1  3"
{!> ../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
```

     * OS family that can be tested for. {@value}
     */
    private static final String FAMILY_OS2 = "os/2";

    /**
     * OS family that can be tested for. {@value}
     */
    private static final String FAMILY_NETWARE = "netware";

    /**
     * OS family that can be tested for. {@value}
     */
    private static final String FAMILY_DOS = "dos";

    /**
     * OS family that can be tested for. {@value}
     */

```Python hl_lines="48-52"
{!../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001.py!}
```

您可以接收和发送二进制、文本和 JSON 数据。

## 尝试一下

如果您的文件名为 `main.py`，请使用以下命令运行应用程序：

```console
$ uvicorn main:app --reload

<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
```

在浏览器中打开 <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000</a>。

您将看到一个简单的页面，如下所示：

# Body - Updates

## Update replacing with `PUT`

To update an item you can use the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods/PUT" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTP `PUT`</a> operation.

You can use the `jsonable_encoder` to convert the input data to data that can be stored as JSON (e.g. with a NoSQL database). For example, converting `datetime` to `str`.

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="28-33"

If you use any other tool to manage your installations, like `uv`, Poetry, Pipenv, or others, they all have a way that you can use to define specific versions for your packages.

## Available versions

You can see the available versions (e.g. to check what is the current latest) in the [Release Notes](../release-notes.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

## About versions

::: fastapi.middleware.cors.CORSMiddleware

It can be imported from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
```

::: fastapi.middleware.gzip.GZipMiddleware

It can be imported from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi.middleware.gzip import GZipMiddleware
```

::: fastapi.middleware.httpsredirect.HTTPSRedirectMiddleware

It can be imported from `fastapi`:

```python

## Nested Models

Each attribute of a Pydantic model has a type.

But that type can itself be another Pydantic model.

So, you can declare deeply nested JSON "objects" with specific attribute names, types and validations.

All that, arbitrarily nested.

### Define a submodel

For example, we can define an `Image` model:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="7-9"

# Response Headers

## Use a `Response` parameter

You can declare a parameter of type `Response` in your *path operation function* (as you can do for cookies).

And then you can set headers in that *temporal* response object.

```Python hl_lines="1  7-8"
{!../../docs_src/response_headers/tutorial002.py!}
```

And then you can return any object you need, as you normally would (a `dict`, a database model, etc).

Some of the options you could use as a TLS Termination Proxy are:

* Traefik (that can also handle certificate renewals)
* Caddy (that can also handle certificate renewals)
* Nginx
* HAProxy

## Let's Encrypt

Before Let's Encrypt, these **HTTPS certificates** were sold by trusted third parties.

																	<span class="badge bg-primary"><la:message
                                                                            key="labels.enabled"/></span>
                                                    </c:if> <c:if test="${data.available=='false'}">
																	<span class="badge bg-gray"><la:message