* `skip`, an `int` with a default value of `0`.
* `limit`, an optional `int`.

/// tip

You could also use `Enum`s the same way as with [Path Parameters](path-params.md#predefined-values){.internal-link target=_blank}.

import java.util.AbstractList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;

/**
 * Tests for {@link EvictingQueue}.
 *
 * @author Kurt Alfred Kluever
 */
@GwtCompatible
@NullMarked
public class EvictingQueueTest extends TestCase {

  public void testCreateWithNegativeSize() throws Exception {

    if (tempDir == null) {
      tempDir = createTempDir();
    }

    return tempDir;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a new temp file in the temp directory returned by {@link #getTempDir()}. The file will
   * be deleted in the tear-down for this test.
   */
  protected final File createTempFile() throws IOException {
    return File.createTempFile("test", null, getTempDir());
  }

import java.util.Map;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NonNull;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Test cases for a {@link Table} implementation supporting reads and writes.
 *
 * @author Jared Levy
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtCompatible
@NullMarked
public abstract class AbstractTableTest<C extends @Nullable Character>

import com.google.common.collect.testing.features.MapFeature;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * Tests for {@link Multimap#remove(Object, Object)}.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Tests for {@link GcFinalization}.
 *
 * @author Martin Buchholz
 * @author mike nonemacher
 */
@AndroidIncompatible // depends on details of gc

@NullUnmarked
public class GcFinalizationTest extends TestCase {

import com.google.errorprone.annotations.Immutable;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * {@link HashFunction} implementation of SipHash-c-d.
 *
 * @author Kurt Alfred Kluever
 * @author Jean-Philippe Aumasson
 * @author Daniel J. Bernstein
 */
@Immutable

import org.apache.maven.api.annotations.Nonnull;
import org.apache.maven.api.annotations.NotThreadSafe;

import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;

/**
 * A request for creating a {@link ArtifactCoordinates} object.
 *
 * @since 4.0.0
 */
@Experimental
@Immutable
public interface ArtifactCoordinatesFactoryRequest extends Request<Session> {

    String getGroupId();

是否使用冒号 `:` 等符号，或是不是 URL 并不重要。

这些细节只是特定的实现方式。

对 OAuth2 来说，它们都只是字符串而已。

///

## 全局纵览

首先，快速浏览一下以下代码与**用户指南**中 [OAuth2 实现密码哈希与 Bearer  JWT 令牌验证](../../tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}一章中代码的区别。以下代码使用 OAuth2 作用域：

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py hl[2,4,8,12,46,64,105,107:115,121:124,128:134,139,153] *}

下面，我们逐步说明修改的代码内容。

## OAuth2 安全方案

Sehen wir uns zunächst kurz die Teile an, die sich gegenüber den Beispielen im Haupt-**Tutorial – Benutzerhandbuch** für [OAuth2 mit Password (und Hashing), Bearer mit JWT-Tokens](../../tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank} ändern. Diesmal verwenden wir OAuth2-Scopes:

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py hl[5,9,13,47,65,106,108:116,122:126,130:136,141,157] *}

Sehen wir uns diese Änderungen nun Schritt für Schritt an.