// Every node is, at a minimum, reachable from itself. Since the resulting transitive closure
    // will have no isolated nodes, we can skip adding nodes explicitly and let putEdge() do it.

    if (graph.isDirected()) {
      // Note: works for both directed and undirected graphs, but we only use in the directed case.
      for (N node : graph.nodes()) {

          </description>
        </field>
        <field>
          <name>expression</name>
          <version>2.0.0+</version>
          <type>String</type>
          <description>Parameter expression, to let user override default value with a user property, system property or project property.</description>
        </field>
        <field>
          <name>defaultValue</name>
          <version>2.0.0+</version>

```Python hl_lines="1  4"
{!../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!}
```

Using `Optional[str]` instead of just `str` will let the editor help you detect errors where you could be assuming that a value is always a `str`, when it could actually be `None` too.

`Optional[Something]` is actually a shortcut for `Union[Something, None]`, they are equivalent.

 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a href=
 * "https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/CollectionUtilitiesExplained#iterables">{@code
 * Iterables}</a>.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @author Jared Levy
 * @since 2.0
 */
@GwtCompatible
public final class Iterables {
  private Iterables() {}

  /** Returns an unmodifiable view of {@code iterable}. */

* **Cloud services** that handle this for you
    * The cloud service will probably **handle replication for you**. It would possibly let you define **a process to run**, or a **container image** to use, in any case, it would most probably be **a single Uvicorn process**, and the cloud service would be in charge of replicating it.

/// tip

 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a href=
 * "https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/NewCollectionTypesExplained#multiset">{@code Multiset}</a>.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 * @author Jared Levy
 * @since 2.0
 */
@GwtCompatible
public final class TreeMultiset<E extends @Nullable Object> extends AbstractSortedMultiset<E>
    implements Serializable {

  /**

import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Unit test for {@code Iterables}.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @author Jared Levy
 */
@GwtCompatible
@NullMarked
public class IterablesTest extends TestCase {

  public void testSize0() {
    Iterable<String> iterable = emptySet();
    assertEquals(0, Iterables.size(iterable));
  }

import junit.framework.Test;
import junit.framework.TestSuite;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Unit tests for {@link ImmutableSortedSet}.
 *
 * @author Jared Levy
 */
@GwtCompatible
@NullMarked
public class ImmutableSortedSetTest extends AbstractImmutableSetTest {

  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // suite
  @AndroidIncompatible // test-suite builders

        | (b4 & 0xFFL) << 32
        | (b5 & 0xFFL) << 24
        | (b6 & 0xFFL) << 16
        | (b7 & 0xFFL) << 8
        | (b8 & 0xFFL);
  }

  /*
   * Moving asciiDigits into this static holder class lets ProGuard eliminate and inline the Longs
   * class.
   */
  static final class AsciiDigits {
    private AsciiDigits() {}

    private static final byte[] asciiDigits;

    static {

 * href="https://www.javadoc.io/doc/com.github.ben-manes.caffeine/guava/latest/com.github.benmanes.caffeine.guava/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/guava/CaffeinatedGuava.html">its
 * {@code CaffeinatedGuava} adapter class</a>, which lets you build a Guava {@code Cache} or a Guava
 * {@code LoadingCache} backed by a Guava {@code CacheLoader}.
 *
 * <p>Caffeine's API for asynchronous operations uses {@code CompletableFuture}: <a