},
    {
      "identity": "spiffe://cluster.local/ns/istio-system/sa/istiod",
      "state": "Unavailable: signing gRPC error (The service is currently unavailable): error trying to connect: TLS handshake failed: cert verification failed - unable to get local issuer certificate [CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED]",
      "certChain": []
    }
  ]

* Traefik
     * 自动处理证书更新 ✨
* Caddy
     * 自动处理证书更新 ✨
* Nginx
     * 使用 Certbot 等外部组件进行证书更新
* HAProxy
     * 使用 Certbot 等外部组件进行证书更新
* 带有 Ingress Controller(如Nginx) 的 Kubernetes
     * 使用诸如 cert-manager 之类的外部组件来进行证书更新
* 由云服务商内部处理，作为其服务的一部分（请阅读下文👇）

另一种选择是您可以使用**云服务**来完成更多工作，包括设置 HTTPS。 它可能有一些限制或向您收取更多费用等。但在这种情况下，您不必自己设置 TLS 终止代理。

我将在接下来的章节中向您展示一些具体示例。

---

接下来要考虑的概念都是关于运行实际 API 的程序（例如 Uvicorn）。

 *   <li><a target="_parent" href="http://www.cymru.com/Bogons/v6bogon.html">http://www.cymru.com/
 *       Bogons/v6bogon.html</a>
 *   <li><a target="_parent" href="http://www.space.net/~gert/RIPE/ipv6-filters.html">http://www.
 *       space.net/~gert/RIPE/ipv6-filters.html</a>
 * </ul>
 *
 * @author Erik Kline
 * @since 5.0
 */
@J2ktIncompatible
@GwtIncompatible
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault

* HAProxy
    * С дополнительным компонентом типа Certbot для обновления сертификатов
* Kubernetes с Ingress Controller похожим на Nginx
    * С дополнительным компонентом типа cert-manager для обновления сертификатов
* Использование услуг облачного провайдера (читайте ниже 👇)

* HAProxy
    * Mit einer externen Komponente wie Certbot für Zertifikat-Erneuerungen
* Kubernetes mit einem Ingress Controller wie Nginx
    * Mit einer externen Komponente wie cert-manager für Zertifikat-Erneuerungen
* Es wird intern von einem Cloud-Anbieter als Teil seiner Dienste verwaltet (siehe unten 👇)

func StartTestTLSServer(t TestErrHandler, instanceType string, cert, key []byte) TestServer {
	// Fetch TLS key and pem files from test-data/ directory.
	//	dir, _ := os.Getwd()
	//	testDataDir := filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(dir), "test-data")
	//
	//	pemFile := filepath.Join(testDataDir, "server.pem")
	//	keyFile := filepath.Join(testDataDir, "server.key")
	cer, err := tls.X509KeyPair(cert, key)
	if err != nil {

* HAProxy
    * With an external component like Certbot for certificate renewals
* Kubernetes with an Ingress Controller like Nginx
    * With an external component like cert-manager for certificate renewals
* Handled internally by a cloud provider as part of their services (read below 👇)

  # Retrieve full certificate dump of workloads for a given Ztunnel instance.
  istioctl ztunnel-config certificates <ztunnel-name[.namespace]> -o json
`,
		Aliases: []string{"certificates", "certs", "cert"},
		Args:    common.validateArgs,
		RunE: runConfigDump(ctx, common, func(cw *ztunnelDump.ConfigWriter) error {
			switch common.outputFormat {
			case summaryOutput:
				return cw.PrintSecretSummary()

				"application/pics-rules",
				"application/pidf+xml",
				"application/pidf-diff+xml",
				"application/pkcs10",
				"application/pkcs7-mime",
				"application/pkcs7-signature",
				"application/pkix-cert",
				"application/pkix-crl",
				"application/pkix-pkipath",
				"application/pkixcmp",
				"application/pls+xml",
				"application/poc-settings+xml",
				"application/postscript",

* HAProxy
    * Com um componente externo como o Certbot para renovações de certificados
* Kubernetes com um controlador Ingress como o Nginx
    * Com um componente externo como cert-manager para renovações de certificados
* Gerenciado internamente por um provedor de nuvem como parte de seus serviços (leia abaixo 👇)