from typing import Union

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI, Query
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/query")
def read_query(q: Union[str, None]):
    return q


@app.get("/explicit-query")
def read_explicit_query(q: Union[str, None] = Query()):
    return q


@app.post("/body-embed")
def send_body_embed(b: Union[str, None] = Body(embed=True)):
    return b

# Verwendung von Datenklassen { #using-dataclasses }

FastAPI basiert auf **Pydantic**, und ich habe Ihnen gezeigt, wie Sie Pydantic-Modelle verwenden können, um <abbr title="Request – Anfrage: Daten, die der Client zum Server sendet">Requests</abbr> und <abbr title="Response – Antwort: Daten, die der Server zum anfragenden Client zurücksendet">Responses</abbr> zu deklarieren.

# Using Dataclasses { #using-dataclasses }

FastAPI is built on top of **Pydantic**, and I have been showing you how to use Pydantic models to declare requests and responses.

But FastAPI also supports using <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">`dataclasses`</a> the same way:

{* ../../docs_src/dataclasses_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,6:11,18:19] *}

Он импортируется/включается прямо в FastAPI, чтобы вы могли импортировать его из `fastapi` и избежать случайного импорта альтернативного `BackgroundTask` (без `s` на конце) из `starlette.background`.

Используя только `BackgroundTasks` (а не `BackgroundTask`), его можно применять как параметр функции‑обработчика пути, и **FastAPI** сделает остальное за вас, как при использовании объекта `Request` напрямую.

import pytest
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient


@pytest.fixture(name="app", scope="module")
def get_app():
    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
        from docs_src.events.tutorial002_py39 import app
    yield app


def test_events(app: FastAPI):
    with TestClient(app) as client:
        response = client.get("/items/")
        assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(ads_id: str | None = Cookie(default=None)):

from fastapi import FastAPI, Request

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/app")
def read_main(request: Request):

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI(swagger_ui_parameters={"deepLinking": False})


@app.get("/users/{username}")
async def read_user(username: str):

    skip_module_if_py_gte_314()

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.exceptions import PydanticV1NotSupportedError

with warnings.catch_warnings():
    warnings.simplefilter("ignore", UserWarning)
    from pydantic.v1 import BaseModel


def test_raises_pydantic_v1_model_in_endpoint_param() -> None:
    class ParamModelV1(BaseModel):
        name: str

    app = FastAPI()

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str | None = None
    description: str | None = None
    price: float | None = None
    tax: float = 10.5
    tags: list[str] = []


items = {
    "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2},
    "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2},