Version 2 of the HorizontalPodAutoscaler API graduates to stable in the 1.23 release. The HorizontalPodAutoscaler `autoscaling/v2beta2` API is deprecated in favor of the new `autoscaling/v2` API, which the Kubernetes project recommends for all use cases.

This release does *not* deprecate the v1 HorizontalPodAutoscaler API.

### Generic Ephemeral Volume feature graduates to GA

The cri-tools project, which aims to provide consistent tooling for operators to debug and introspect their nodes in production independent of their chosen container runtime, graduated to GA.

/*
 * Copyright 2012-2025 CodeLibs Project and the Others.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

* Adding events to federation control plane ([#30421](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/30421), [@nikhiljindal](https://github.com/nikhiljindal))
* [kubelet] Introduce --protect-kernel-defaults flag to make the tunable behaviour configurable ([#27874](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/27874), [@ingvagabund](https://github.com/ingvagabund))

utilize this functionality, set the feature gate `LocalStorageCapacityIsolationFSQuotaMonitoring=true`. For ext4fs filesystems, create the filesystem with `mkfs.ext4 -O project <block_device>` and run `tune2fs -Q prjquota `block device`; XFS filesystems need no additional preparation. The filesystem must be mounted with option `project` in `/etc/fstab`. If the primary partition is the root filesystem, add `rootflags=pquota` to the GRUB config file. ([#66928](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/66928),...

/*
 * Copyright 2012-2025 CodeLibs Project and the Others.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

/*
 * Copyright 2012-2025 CodeLibs Project and the Others.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

causes a <a href="#Run_time_panics">run-time panic</a>.
</p>

<p>
The <code>protect</code> function in the example below invokes
the function argument <code>g</code> and protects callers from
run-time panics caused by <code>g</code>.
</p>

<pre>
func protect(g func()) {
	defer func() {
		log.Println("done")  // Println executes normally even if there is a panic

/*
 * Copyright 2012-2025 CodeLibs Project and the Others.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,