// Mixed content array
        assertEquals(84L, MemoryUtil.sizeOf(new Object[] { "test", 123, null }));

        // Nested arrays
        assertEquals(120L, MemoryUtil.sizeOf(new Object[] { new String[] { "test" }, new String[] { "test" } }));
    }

    public void test_sizeOf_collectionVariations() {
        // Empty collection

 * JUnit constructs the instances.
 *
 * <p>This class is emulated in GWT.
 *
 * @param <G> the type of the test generator required by this tester. An instance of G should
 *     somehow provide an instance of the class under test, plus any other information required to
 *     parameterize the test.
 * @author George van den Driessche
 */
@GwtCompatible
@NullMarked
public class AbstractTester<G> extends TestCase {

**FastAPI** は開発者の利便性のために `fastapi.testclient` と同じ `starlette.testclient` を提供します。しかし、実際にはStarletteから直接渡されています。

///

/// tip | 豆知識

FastAPIアプリケーションへのリクエストの送信とは別に、テストで `async` 関数 (非同期データベース関数など) を呼び出したい場合は、高度なチュートリアルの[Async Tests](../advanced/async-tests.md){.internal-link target=_blank} を参照してください。

///

## テストの分離

実際のアプリケーションでは、おそらくテストを別のファイルに保存します。

また、**FastAPI** アプリケーションは、複数のファイル/モジュールなどで構成されている場合もあります。

### **FastAPI** アプリファイル

        // Since we cannot easily create a real ClusterHealthResponse without a running cluster,
        // we'll test the class behavior through unit tests that verify the logic
        // The actual integration with ClusterHealthResponse is tested in integration tests

        // Test that the constructor and getters work with proper setup
        FessConfig mockConfig = new FessConfig.SimpleImpl() {

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.mockito.Mockito;

import jcifs.smb.SmbPipeHandleInternal;

/**
 * Unit tests for a class that implements the {@link SmbPipeHandle} interface.
 * This test class uses a mock implementation to ensure any class adhering to the
 * SmbPipeHandle contract is tested for correctness.
 */
public class SmbPipeHandleTest {

  }

  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // NullPointerTester
  public void testNullPointers() {
    NullPointerTester tester = new NullPointerTester();
    tester.testAllPublicStaticMethods(ImmutableMultiset.class);
  }

  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // SerializableTester
  public void testSerialization_empty() {

        assertNull(System.getProperty("fess." + now));
        assertNull(System.getProperty("test." + now));
        appValue.set("=abc\nfess." + now + "=test1\ntest." + now + "=test2");
        helper.updateSystemProperties();
        assertEquals("test1", System.getProperty("fess." + now));
        assertEquals("test2", System.getProperty("test." + now));
    }

    public void test_getCurrentTime() {

/**
 * Unit test for {@link Files}.
 *
 * <p>Some methods are tested in separate files:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>{@link Files#fileTraverser()} is tested in {@link FilesFileTraverserTest}.
 *   <li>{@link Files#createTempDir()} is tested in {@link FilesCreateTempDirTest}.
 * </ul>
 *
 * @author Chris Nokleberg
 */

@SuppressWarnings("InlineMeInliner") // many tests of deprecated methods
@NullUnmarked

import java.util.Collection;
import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * Tester for {@link Multimap#putAll(Multimap)}.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")
// @Ignore affects the Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")

import com.google.common.testing.SerializableTester;
import java.io.Serializable;
import junit.framework.Test;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import junit.framework.TestSuite;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;

/**
 * Unit test for {@link HashMultiset}.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @author Jared Levy
 */
@GwtCompatible
@NullMarked