Hier werden wir ein Beispiel mit <a href="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">SQLModel</a> sehen.

{* ../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001_py39.py hl[8:9,11,14] *}

/// tip

Keep in mind that custom proprietary headers can be added <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers" class="external-link" target="_blank">using the `X-` prefix</a>.

/**
 * This class provides a skeletal implementation of the {@code Cache} interface to minimize the
 * effort required to implement this interface.
 *
 * <p>To implement a cache, the programmer needs only to extend this class and provide an
 * implementation for the {@link #put} and {@link #getIfPresent} methods. {@link #getAllPresent} is
 * implemented in terms of {@link #getIfPresent}; {@link #putAll} is implemented in terms of {@link

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.Set;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * This class provides a skeletal implementation of {@link Network}. It is recommended to extend
 * this class rather than implement {@link Network} directly.
 *
 * <p>The methods implemented in this class should not be overridden unless the subclass admits a
 * more efficient implementation.
 *

uctor(null)},push:f,sort:c.sort,splice:c.splice},n.extend=n.fn.extend=function(){var a,b,c,d,e,f,g=arguments[0]||{},h=1,i=arguments.length,j=!1;for("boolean"==typeof g&&(j=g,g=arguments[h]||{},h++),"object"==typeof g||n.isFunction(g)||(g={}),h===i&&(g=this,h--);i>h;h++)if(null!=(a=arguments[h]))for(b in a)c=g[b],d=a[b],g!==d&&(j&&d&&(n.isPlainObject(d)||(e=n.isArray(d)))?(e?(e=!1,f=c&&n.isArray(c)?c:[]):f=c&&n.isPlainObject(c)?c:{},g[b]=n.extend(j,f,d)):void 0!==d&&(g[b]=d));return g},n.extend({...

`TestClient` 在内部通过一些“魔法”操作，使得您可以在普通的 `def` 测试函数中调用异步的 FastAPI 应用程序，并使用标准的 pytest。但当我们在异步函数中使用它时，这种“魔法”就不再生效了。由于测试以异步方式运行，我们无法在测试函数中继续使用 `TestClient`。

`TestClient` 是基于 <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a> 的。幸运的是，我们可以直接使用它来测试API。

## 示例

举个简单的例子，让我们来看一个[更大的应用](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}和[测试](../tutorial/testing.md){.internal-link target=_blank}中描述的类似文件结构：

  integrity sha512-mQw+2fkQbALzQ7V0MY0IqdnXNOeTtP4r0lN9z7AAawCXgqea7bDii20AYrIBrFd/Hx0M2Ocz6S111CaFkUcb0Q==

extend@^3.0.0:
  version "3.0.2"
  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/extend/-/extend-3.0.2.tgz#f8b1136b4071fbd8eb140aff858b1019ec2915fa"
  integrity sha512-fjquC59cD7CyW6urNXK0FBufkZcoiGG80wTuPujX590cB5Ttln20E2UB4S/WARVqhXffZl2LNgS+gQdPIIim/g==

fast-deep-equal@^3.1.1:

Sie sehen die automatische API-Dokumentation für die Hauptanwendung, welche nur deren eigene _Pfadoperationen_ anzeigt:

<img src="/img/tutorial/sub-applications/image01.png">

///

## Headers Personalizados { #custom-headers }

Ten en cuenta que los headers propietarios personalizados se pueden agregar <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers" class="external-link" target="_blank">usando el prefijo `X-`</a>.

Quando você precisar receber campos de formulário em vez de JSON, você pode usar `Form`.

/// info | Informação

Para usar formulários, primeiro instale <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a>.

Certifique-se de criar um [ambiente virtual](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, ativá-lo e então instalá-lo, por exemplo:

```console